Multimorbilidad: bases conceptuales, modelos epidemiológicos y retos de su medición

Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño, Eduardo Bustos-Vázquez, .

Palabras clave: comorbilidad, enfermedad crónica, modelos teóricos, estudios epidemiológicos, sesgo (epidemiología), envejecimiento

Resumen

El incremento continuo de pacientes con perfiles clínicos complejos debidos a enfermedades crónicas ha favorecido el uso cada vez más extendido del término multimorbilidad. Es indispensable disponer de una medición apropiada de esta condición, dado que representa un reto para el manejo clínico de los pacientes, los sistemas de salud y la investigación epidemiológica.
En este ensayo se revisan las propuestas conceptuales subyacentes a la medición de la multimorbilidad y se discuten los retos metodológicos involucrados, tomando como referencia las definiciones clásicas de comorbilidad, sus diferencias con el concepto de multimorbilidad y su papel en los estudios epidemiológicos, así como los distintos modelos conceptuales de los que se derivan las definiciones operativas y las estrategias de medición de dicha variable.
Se pudo determinar que hay una brecha importante entre el desarrollo del concepto de multimorbilidad y las definiciones operativas, a pesar del significativo avance teórico que ha permitido trascender la concepción clásica de comorbilidad para llegar al concepto actual de multimorbilidad. Sin embargo, las estrategias de medición no se han desarrollado al mismo ritmo del concepto, por lo que se requieren nuevas propuestas metodológicas que permitan obtener información sobre su verdadero impacto en la salud de las personas y sus implicaciones para la salud pública.

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  • Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño Centro de Información para Decisiones en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
  • Eduardo Bustos-Vázquez Escuela de Salud Pública de México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México

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Cómo citar
1.
Fernández-Niño JA, Bustos-Vázquez E. Multimorbilidad: bases conceptuales, modelos epidemiológicos y retos de su medición. biomedica [Internet]. 1 de junio de 2016 [citado 28 de marzo de 2024];36(2):188-203. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/2710

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