Papel de los anticuerpos antiplaquetarios en la infección viral: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Palabras clave:
virosis, anticuerpos, plaquetas, trombocitopenia, humanos
Resumen
Introducción. La trombocitopenia es un fenómeno frecuente en las infecciones virales. Uno de los mecanismos propuesto como posible explicación de su desarrollo es la destrucción plaquetaria periférica mediada por anticuerpos antiplaquetarios.Objetivo. Revisar los resultados de los trabajos originales que existen en la literatura sobre infección viral y anticuerpos antiplaquetarios en humanos, y su efecto sobre el recuento total de plaquetas.
Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una búsqueda en PubMed empleando la combinación de términos: "viral infection (OR Virus diseases) AND antibody antiplatelet (OR thrombocytopenia); y antibody antiplatelet AND HIV (OR Measles, OR Dengue, OR Chickenpox OR varicella, OR Epstein Barr, OR Mumps, OR Rubella". Se obtuvieron 218 referencias, de las cuales, 65 correspondían al objetivo de la revisión.
Resultados. En la búsqueda se encontró que la trombocitopenia mediada por anticuerpos antiplaquetarios se ha documentado en infecciones virales por VIH, sarampión, dengue, varicela-zóster, Epstein-Barr, parotiditis y rubéola. La presencia de anticuerpos antiplaquetarios en infecciones virales por VIH, virus de Epstein-Barr y dengue, se ha asociado con la presencia de la trombocitopenia y con la gravedad de la enfermedad.
Conclusiones. Aunque la aparición de anticuerpos antiplaquetarios no se considera el único mecanismo que explica la trombocitopenia desarrollada en las infecciones virales mencionadas, de acuerdo con la literatura científica disponible, su presencia se asocia con la gravedad de la trombocitopenia y con potenciales implicaciones clínicas en los pacientes.
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Referencias bibliográficas
1. Baroski B, Young N. Hematologic consecuences of viral infestations. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1987;1:167-83.
2. Wilson J, Neame P, Kelton J. Infection induced thrombocytopenia. Semin Thromb Hemost. 1982;8:217-9.
3. Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Pérez MA, Cuadra R, Solano S, Rocha J, et al. Short report: Assessment of the World Health Organization scheme for classification of dengue severity in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:1059-62.
4. Díaz-Quijano FA, Villar-Centeno LA, Martínez-Vega RA. Complicaciones asociadas a la trombocitopenia profunda en pacientes con Dengue. Rev Med Chile. 2006;134:167-73.
5. Flaujac C, Boukour S, Cramer-Borde E. Platelets and viruses: An ambivalent relationship. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010;67:545-56.
6. Beutler E, Lichtman M, Coller B, Kipps T, Seligsohn U. Williams Hematology. Sixth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division; 2001.
7. Nurden A, Nurden P. Role of platelet membrane glycoproteins in the platelet-vessel wall interaction. Baillieres Clin Haematol. 1993;6:653-90.
8. Shattil S, Hoxie J, Cunningham M, Brass L. Changes in the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex during platelet activation. J Biol Chem. 1985;260:11107-14.
9. Ruggeri ZM. The platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX complex. Prog Hemost Thromb. 1991;10:35-68.
10. van Loghem J, Dorfmeijer H, van der Hart M, Schreuder F. Serological and genetical studies on a platelet antigen (ZW). Vox Sang. 1959;4:161-9.
11. Primoz R. Platelet antigens. The role of human platelet alloantigens (APH) in blood transfusion and transplantation. Transpl Immunol. 2002;10:165-81.
12. Metcalfe P, Watkins NA, Ouwehand WH, Kaplan C, Newman P, Kekomaki R, et al. Nomenclature of human platelet antigens. Vox Sang. 2003;85:240-5.
13. Winiarski J, Ekelund E. Antibody binding to platelet antigens in acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A platelet membrane ELISA for the detection of antiplatelet antibodies in serum. Clin Exp Immunol. 1986;63:459-65.
14. van der Ven JT, Engelfriet CP, von dem Borne AE. Specificity of autoantibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Blood. 1982;59:23-6.
15. Steeper TA, Horwitz CA, Moore SB, Henle W, Henle G, Ellis R, et al. Severe thrombocytopenia in Epstein-Barr virus-induced mononucleosis. West J Med. 1989;150:170-3.
16. Pipp ML, Means ND, Sixbey JW. Acute Epstein-Barr virus infection complicated by severe thrombocytopenia. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:1237-9.
17. Tanaka M, Kamijo T, Koike K, Ueno I, Nakazawa Y, Kurokawa Y, et al. Specific autoantibodies to platelet glycoproteins in Epstein-Barr virus-associated immune thrombocytopenia. Int J Hematol. 2003;78:168-70.
18. Rand ML, Wright JF. Virus-associated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Transfus Sci. 1998;19:253-9.
19. Amarapurkar DN, Amarapurkar AD. Extrahepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis. Ann Hepatol. 2002;1: 192-5.
20. Cohen O, Meavorach D, Ackerman Z, Oren R. Thrombocytopenic purpura as a manifestation of acute hepatitis A. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1993;17:166-7.
21. Shenoy R, Nair S, Kamath N. Thrombocytopenia in hepatitis A - an atypical presentation. J Trop Pediatr. 2004;50:241-2.
22. Hosseinpour S, Ghargharechi R, Sarisoukhab R. Immune thrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis A infection in children. Iran J Med Sci. 2004;29:148-9.
23. Pockros PJ, Duchini A, McMillan R, Nyberg LM, McHutchison J, Viernes E. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:2040-5.
24. Sakuraya M, Murakami H, Uchiumi H, Hatsumi N, Akiba T, Yokohama A, et al. Steroid-refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Eur J Haematol. 2002;68:49-53.
25. Nagamine T, Ohtuka T, Takehara K, Arai T, Takagi H, Mori M. Thrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis with viral infection. J Hepatol. 1996;24:135-40.
26. Aref S, Sleem T, El Menshawy N, Ebrahiem L, Abdella D, Fouda M, et al. Antiplatelet antibodies contribute to thrombocytopenia associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hematology. 2009;14:277-81.
27. Chiao EY, Engels EA, Kramer JR, Pietz K, Henderson L, Giordano TP, et al. Risk of immune thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune hemolytic anemia among 120 908 US veterans with hepatitis C virus infection. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:357-63.
28. Aref S, Sleem T, El Menshawy N, Ebrahiem L, Abdella D, Fouda M, et al. Antiplatelet antibodies contribute to thrombocytopenia associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hematology. 2009;14:277-81.
29. Tejima K, Masuzaki R, Ikeda H, Yoshida H, Tateishi R, Sugioka Y, et al. Thrombocytopenia is more severe in patients with advanced chronic hepatitis C than B with the same grade of liver stiffness and splenomegaly. J Gastroenterol. 2010;45:876-84.
30. Dai CY, Ho CK, Huang JF, Hsieh MY, Hou NJ, Lin ZY, et al. Hepatitis C virus viremia and low platelet count: A study in a hepatitis B & C endemic area in Taiwan. J Hepatol. 2010;52:160-6.
31. Panzer S, Seel E. Is there an increased frequency of autoimmune thrombocytopenia in hepatitis C infection? A review. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2003;153:417-20.
32. Yuste JR, Prieto J. Anticardiolipin antibodies in chronic viral hepatitis. Do they have clinical consequences? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;15:717-9.
33. Mientjes GH, van Ameijden EJ, Mulder JW, van den Hoek JA, Coutinho RA, von dem Borne AE. Prevalence of thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected and non-HIV infected drug users and homosexual men. Br J Haematol. 1992;82:615-9.
34. Bettaieb A, Fromont P, Louache F, Oksenhendler E, Vainchenker W, Dubdari N, et al. Presence of cross-reactive antibody between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and platelet glycoproteins in HIV-related immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood. 1992;80:162-9.
35. Domínguez A, Gamallo G, García R, Lopez-Pastor A, Penia J, Vázquez J. Pathophysiology of HIV related thrombocytopenia: an analysis of 41 patients. Clin Pathol. 1994;47:999-1003.
36. Nardi M, Karpatkin S. Antiidiotype antibody against platelet anti-GPIIIa contributes to the regulation of thrombocytopenia in HIV-1-ITP patients. J Exp Med. 2000;191:2093-100.
37. Li Z, Nardi M, Karpatkin S. Role of molecular mimicry to HIV-1 peptides in HIV-1-related immunologic thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2005;106:572-6.
38. Ballem PJ, Belzberg A, Devine DV, Lyster D, Spruston B, Chambers H. Kinetic studies of the mechanism of thrombocytopenia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1779-84.
39. Sundell IB, Koka PS. Thrombocytopenia in HIV infection: Impairment of platelet formation and loss correlates with increased c-Mpl and ligand thrombopoietin expression. Curr HIV Res. 2006;4:107-16.
40. Aline C, Michelle B, James H. Fatal varicella-zoster hepatitis presenting with severe abdominal pain: A case report and review of the literature. Dig Dis Sci. 2006;51:1221-5.
41. Nadir A, Masood A, Majeed I, Waheed uz Zaman T. Chickenpox associated thrombocytopenia in adults. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2006;16:270-2.
42. Arfan ul B, Simeen ber R. Hematological abnormalities in adult patients of chickenpox. J Pak Assoc Dermatol. 2004;14:193-7.
43. Anne G. Varicella and herpes zoster: Clinical disease and complications. Herpes. 2006;13:2A-7A.
44. Rivest P, Bedard L, Valiquette L, Mills E, Lebel M, Lavoie G, et al. Severe complications associated with varicella: Province of Quebec, April 1994-March 1996. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2001;12:21-6.
45. Hamada M, Yasumoto S, Furue M. A case of varicella-associated idiopathic thrombocytopenic púrpura in adulthood. J Dermatol. 2004;31:477-9.
46. Wright J, Blanchette V, Wang H, Arya N, Petric M, Semple J, et al. Characterization of platelet-reactive antibodies in children with varicella-associated acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Br J Haematol. 1996;95:145-52.
47. Winiarski J. Platelet antigens in varicella associated thrombocytopenia. Arch Dis Child. 1996;5:137-9.
48. Wright J, Blanchette V, Freedman J. Virus-reactive antibodies cross-react with autologous platelets in a patient with varicella zoster virus (VZV)-associated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Blood. 1994;84(Suppl.):185a.
49. Meenaghan M, Judson P, Yousaf K, Lewis L, Pamphilon D. Antibodies to platelet glycoprotein V in polytransfused patients with haematologic diseases. Vox Sang. 1993;64:167-70.
50. Mayer J, Beardsley D. Varicella-associated thrombocytopenia: Autoantibodies against platelet surface glycoprotein V. Pediatr Res. 1996;40:615-9.
51. Endy T, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Lebraty D, Green S, Rothman A, et al. Epidemiology of inapparent and symptomatic acute dengue virus infection: A prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:40-50.
52. Oishi K, Saito M, Mapua CA, Natividad FF. Dengue illness: Clinical features and pathogenesis. J Infect Chemother. 2007;13:125-33.
53. La Russa VF, Innis BL. Mechanisms of dengue virus-induced bone marrow suppression. Baillieres Clin Haematol. 1995;8:249-70.
54. Rosenfeld SJ, Young NS. Viruses and bone marrow failure. Blood Rev. 1991;5:71-7.
55. Wang S, He R, Patarapotikul J, Innis BL, Anderson R. Antibody-enhanced binding of dengue-2 virus to human platelets. Virology. 1995;213:254-7.
56. Chaturvedi UC, Nagar R, Shrivastava R. Macrophage and dengue virus: Friend or foe? Indian J Med Res. 2006;124:23-40.
57. Green S, Rothman A. Immunopathological mechanisms in dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006;19:429-36.
58. Fink J, Gu F, Vasudevan SG. Role of T cells, cytokines and antibody in dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Rev Med Virol. 2006;16:263-75.
59. Lin CF, Lei HY, Liu CC, Liu HS, Yeh TM, Wang ST, et al. Generation of IgM anti-platelet autoantibody in dengue patients. J Med Virol. 2001;63:143-9.
60. Oishi K, Inoue S, Cinco MT, Dimaano EM, Alera MT, Alfon JA, et al. Correlation between increased platelet-associated IgG and thrombocytopenia in secondary dengue virus infections. J Med Virol. 2003;71:259-64.
61. Lin CF, Wan SW, Cheng HJ, Lei HY, Lin YS. Autoimmune pathogenesis in dengue virus infection. Viral Immunol. 2006;19:127-32.
62. Sun DS, King CC, Huang HS, Shih YL, Lee CC, Tsai WJ, et al. Antiplatelet autoantibodies elicited by dengue virus non-structural protein 1 cause thrombocytopenia and mortality in mice. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5:2291-9.
63. Falconar AK. The dengue virus nonstructural-1 protein (NS1) generates antibodies to common epitopes on human blood clotting, integrin/adhesin proteins and binds to human endothelial cells: potential implications in haemorrhagic fever pathogenesis. Arch Virol. 1997;142:897-916.
64. Huang JH, Wey JJ, Sun YC, Chin C, Chien LJ, Wu YC. Antibody responses to an immunodominant nonstructural 1 synthetic peptide in patients with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. J Med Virol. 1999;57:1-8.
65. Boyer WL, Sherman FE, Muchails RH. Purpura congenital and acquired rubella. N Engl J Med. 1965;273:1362-4.
66. Martínez RA. Tratamiento del dengue durante su etapa aguda: revisión sistemática de la literatura. Infectio. 2008;12:277-86.
2. Wilson J, Neame P, Kelton J. Infection induced thrombocytopenia. Semin Thromb Hemost. 1982;8:217-9.
3. Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Pérez MA, Cuadra R, Solano S, Rocha J, et al. Short report: Assessment of the World Health Organization scheme for classification of dengue severity in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:1059-62.
4. Díaz-Quijano FA, Villar-Centeno LA, Martínez-Vega RA. Complicaciones asociadas a la trombocitopenia profunda en pacientes con Dengue. Rev Med Chile. 2006;134:167-73.
5. Flaujac C, Boukour S, Cramer-Borde E. Platelets and viruses: An ambivalent relationship. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010;67:545-56.
6. Beutler E, Lichtman M, Coller B, Kipps T, Seligsohn U. Williams Hematology. Sixth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division; 2001.
7. Nurden A, Nurden P. Role of platelet membrane glycoproteins in the platelet-vessel wall interaction. Baillieres Clin Haematol. 1993;6:653-90.
8. Shattil S, Hoxie J, Cunningham M, Brass L. Changes in the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex during platelet activation. J Biol Chem. 1985;260:11107-14.
9. Ruggeri ZM. The platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX complex. Prog Hemost Thromb. 1991;10:35-68.
10. van Loghem J, Dorfmeijer H, van der Hart M, Schreuder F. Serological and genetical studies on a platelet antigen (ZW). Vox Sang. 1959;4:161-9.
11. Primoz R. Platelet antigens. The role of human platelet alloantigens (APH) in blood transfusion and transplantation. Transpl Immunol. 2002;10:165-81.
12. Metcalfe P, Watkins NA, Ouwehand WH, Kaplan C, Newman P, Kekomaki R, et al. Nomenclature of human platelet antigens. Vox Sang. 2003;85:240-5.
13. Winiarski J, Ekelund E. Antibody binding to platelet antigens in acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A platelet membrane ELISA for the detection of antiplatelet antibodies in serum. Clin Exp Immunol. 1986;63:459-65.
14. van der Ven JT, Engelfriet CP, von dem Borne AE. Specificity of autoantibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Blood. 1982;59:23-6.
15. Steeper TA, Horwitz CA, Moore SB, Henle W, Henle G, Ellis R, et al. Severe thrombocytopenia in Epstein-Barr virus-induced mononucleosis. West J Med. 1989;150:170-3.
16. Pipp ML, Means ND, Sixbey JW. Acute Epstein-Barr virus infection complicated by severe thrombocytopenia. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:1237-9.
17. Tanaka M, Kamijo T, Koike K, Ueno I, Nakazawa Y, Kurokawa Y, et al. Specific autoantibodies to platelet glycoproteins in Epstein-Barr virus-associated immune thrombocytopenia. Int J Hematol. 2003;78:168-70.
18. Rand ML, Wright JF. Virus-associated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Transfus Sci. 1998;19:253-9.
19. Amarapurkar DN, Amarapurkar AD. Extrahepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis. Ann Hepatol. 2002;1: 192-5.
20. Cohen O, Meavorach D, Ackerman Z, Oren R. Thrombocytopenic purpura as a manifestation of acute hepatitis A. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1993;17:166-7.
21. Shenoy R, Nair S, Kamath N. Thrombocytopenia in hepatitis A - an atypical presentation. J Trop Pediatr. 2004;50:241-2.
22. Hosseinpour S, Ghargharechi R, Sarisoukhab R. Immune thrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis A infection in children. Iran J Med Sci. 2004;29:148-9.
23. Pockros PJ, Duchini A, McMillan R, Nyberg LM, McHutchison J, Viernes E. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:2040-5.
24. Sakuraya M, Murakami H, Uchiumi H, Hatsumi N, Akiba T, Yokohama A, et al. Steroid-refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Eur J Haematol. 2002;68:49-53.
25. Nagamine T, Ohtuka T, Takehara K, Arai T, Takagi H, Mori M. Thrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis with viral infection. J Hepatol. 1996;24:135-40.
26. Aref S, Sleem T, El Menshawy N, Ebrahiem L, Abdella D, Fouda M, et al. Antiplatelet antibodies contribute to thrombocytopenia associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hematology. 2009;14:277-81.
27. Chiao EY, Engels EA, Kramer JR, Pietz K, Henderson L, Giordano TP, et al. Risk of immune thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune hemolytic anemia among 120 908 US veterans with hepatitis C virus infection. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:357-63.
28. Aref S, Sleem T, El Menshawy N, Ebrahiem L, Abdella D, Fouda M, et al. Antiplatelet antibodies contribute to thrombocytopenia associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hematology. 2009;14:277-81.
29. Tejima K, Masuzaki R, Ikeda H, Yoshida H, Tateishi R, Sugioka Y, et al. Thrombocytopenia is more severe in patients with advanced chronic hepatitis C than B with the same grade of liver stiffness and splenomegaly. J Gastroenterol. 2010;45:876-84.
30. Dai CY, Ho CK, Huang JF, Hsieh MY, Hou NJ, Lin ZY, et al. Hepatitis C virus viremia and low platelet count: A study in a hepatitis B & C endemic area in Taiwan. J Hepatol. 2010;52:160-6.
31. Panzer S, Seel E. Is there an increased frequency of autoimmune thrombocytopenia in hepatitis C infection? A review. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2003;153:417-20.
32. Yuste JR, Prieto J. Anticardiolipin antibodies in chronic viral hepatitis. Do they have clinical consequences? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;15:717-9.
33. Mientjes GH, van Ameijden EJ, Mulder JW, van den Hoek JA, Coutinho RA, von dem Borne AE. Prevalence of thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected and non-HIV infected drug users and homosexual men. Br J Haematol. 1992;82:615-9.
34. Bettaieb A, Fromont P, Louache F, Oksenhendler E, Vainchenker W, Dubdari N, et al. Presence of cross-reactive antibody between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and platelet glycoproteins in HIV-related immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood. 1992;80:162-9.
35. Domínguez A, Gamallo G, García R, Lopez-Pastor A, Penia J, Vázquez J. Pathophysiology of HIV related thrombocytopenia: an analysis of 41 patients. Clin Pathol. 1994;47:999-1003.
36. Nardi M, Karpatkin S. Antiidiotype antibody against platelet anti-GPIIIa contributes to the regulation of thrombocytopenia in HIV-1-ITP patients. J Exp Med. 2000;191:2093-100.
37. Li Z, Nardi M, Karpatkin S. Role of molecular mimicry to HIV-1 peptides in HIV-1-related immunologic thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2005;106:572-6.
38. Ballem PJ, Belzberg A, Devine DV, Lyster D, Spruston B, Chambers H. Kinetic studies of the mechanism of thrombocytopenia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1779-84.
39. Sundell IB, Koka PS. Thrombocytopenia in HIV infection: Impairment of platelet formation and loss correlates with increased c-Mpl and ligand thrombopoietin expression. Curr HIV Res. 2006;4:107-16.
40. Aline C, Michelle B, James H. Fatal varicella-zoster hepatitis presenting with severe abdominal pain: A case report and review of the literature. Dig Dis Sci. 2006;51:1221-5.
41. Nadir A, Masood A, Majeed I, Waheed uz Zaman T. Chickenpox associated thrombocytopenia in adults. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2006;16:270-2.
42. Arfan ul B, Simeen ber R. Hematological abnormalities in adult patients of chickenpox. J Pak Assoc Dermatol. 2004;14:193-7.
43. Anne G. Varicella and herpes zoster: Clinical disease and complications. Herpes. 2006;13:2A-7A.
44. Rivest P, Bedard L, Valiquette L, Mills E, Lebel M, Lavoie G, et al. Severe complications associated with varicella: Province of Quebec, April 1994-March 1996. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2001;12:21-6.
45. Hamada M, Yasumoto S, Furue M. A case of varicella-associated idiopathic thrombocytopenic púrpura in adulthood. J Dermatol. 2004;31:477-9.
46. Wright J, Blanchette V, Wang H, Arya N, Petric M, Semple J, et al. Characterization of platelet-reactive antibodies in children with varicella-associated acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Br J Haematol. 1996;95:145-52.
47. Winiarski J. Platelet antigens in varicella associated thrombocytopenia. Arch Dis Child. 1996;5:137-9.
48. Wright J, Blanchette V, Freedman J. Virus-reactive antibodies cross-react with autologous platelets in a patient with varicella zoster virus (VZV)-associated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Blood. 1994;84(Suppl.):185a.
49. Meenaghan M, Judson P, Yousaf K, Lewis L, Pamphilon D. Antibodies to platelet glycoprotein V in polytransfused patients with haematologic diseases. Vox Sang. 1993;64:167-70.
50. Mayer J, Beardsley D. Varicella-associated thrombocytopenia: Autoantibodies against platelet surface glycoprotein V. Pediatr Res. 1996;40:615-9.
51. Endy T, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Lebraty D, Green S, Rothman A, et al. Epidemiology of inapparent and symptomatic acute dengue virus infection: A prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:40-50.
52. Oishi K, Saito M, Mapua CA, Natividad FF. Dengue illness: Clinical features and pathogenesis. J Infect Chemother. 2007;13:125-33.
53. La Russa VF, Innis BL. Mechanisms of dengue virus-induced bone marrow suppression. Baillieres Clin Haematol. 1995;8:249-70.
54. Rosenfeld SJ, Young NS. Viruses and bone marrow failure. Blood Rev. 1991;5:71-7.
55. Wang S, He R, Patarapotikul J, Innis BL, Anderson R. Antibody-enhanced binding of dengue-2 virus to human platelets. Virology. 1995;213:254-7.
56. Chaturvedi UC, Nagar R, Shrivastava R. Macrophage and dengue virus: Friend or foe? Indian J Med Res. 2006;124:23-40.
57. Green S, Rothman A. Immunopathological mechanisms in dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006;19:429-36.
58. Fink J, Gu F, Vasudevan SG. Role of T cells, cytokines and antibody in dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Rev Med Virol. 2006;16:263-75.
59. Lin CF, Lei HY, Liu CC, Liu HS, Yeh TM, Wang ST, et al. Generation of IgM anti-platelet autoantibody in dengue patients. J Med Virol. 2001;63:143-9.
60. Oishi K, Inoue S, Cinco MT, Dimaano EM, Alera MT, Alfon JA, et al. Correlation between increased platelet-associated IgG and thrombocytopenia in secondary dengue virus infections. J Med Virol. 2003;71:259-64.
61. Lin CF, Wan SW, Cheng HJ, Lei HY, Lin YS. Autoimmune pathogenesis in dengue virus infection. Viral Immunol. 2006;19:127-32.
62. Sun DS, King CC, Huang HS, Shih YL, Lee CC, Tsai WJ, et al. Antiplatelet autoantibodies elicited by dengue virus non-structural protein 1 cause thrombocytopenia and mortality in mice. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5:2291-9.
63. Falconar AK. The dengue virus nonstructural-1 protein (NS1) generates antibodies to common epitopes on human blood clotting, integrin/adhesin proteins and binds to human endothelial cells: potential implications in haemorrhagic fever pathogenesis. Arch Virol. 1997;142:897-916.
64. Huang JH, Wey JJ, Sun YC, Chin C, Chien LJ, Wu YC. Antibody responses to an immunodominant nonstructural 1 synthetic peptide in patients with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. J Med Virol. 1999;57:1-8.
65. Boyer WL, Sherman FE, Muchails RH. Purpura congenital and acquired rubella. N Engl J Med. 1965;273:1362-4.
66. Martínez RA. Tratamiento del dengue durante su etapa aguda: revisión sistemática de la literatura. Infectio. 2008;12:277-86.
Cómo citar
1.
Montenegro-Medina YM, Rey-Caro LA, Niederbacher J, Martínez-Vega RA, Díaz-Quijano FA, Villar-Centeno L Ángel. Papel de los anticuerpos antiplaquetarios en la infección viral: una revisión sistemática de la literatura. biomedica [Internet]. 16 de abril de 2011 [citado 19 de abril de 2024];31(1):35-43. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/334
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