El acoplamiento excitación-contracción en el músculo esquelético: preguntas por responder a pesar de 50 años de estudio
Palabras clave:
músculo esquelético, contracción muscular, relajación muscular, calcio, canal liberador de calcio, canales de calcio tipo L, receptor de rianodina, fatiga muscular
Resumen
El mecanismo de acoplamiento excitación-contracción fue definido en el músculo esquelético como la secuencia de eventos que ocurre desde la generación del potencial de acción en la fibra muscular hasta que se inicia la generación de tensión. La regulación e interacción de dichos eventos entre sí ha sido estudiada durante los últimos 50 años utilizando diferentes técnicas, con las cuales se estableció la importancia y origen del ion calcio como activador contráctil, se conocen las principales proteínas involucradas y se inició el estudio de la base ultraestructural y de la regulación farmacológica; además, hay evidencias de que el acoplamiento excitación-contracción se altera en diferentes situaciones como en el envejecimiento, en la fatiga muscular y en algunas enfermedades musculares. Sin embargo, aún hay varias preguntas por responder: ¿cómo es el desarrollo y envejecimiento del mecanismo de acoplamiento excitación-contracción?, ¿cuál es su papel en la fatiga muscular y en algunas enfermedades musculares?, ¿cuál es la naturaleza de la interacción entre diferentes proteínas involucradas en el acoplamiento excitación-contracción?La presente revisión describe el acoplamiento excitación-contracción en el músculo esquelético y las técnicas utilizadas para su estudio como introducción para discutir algunas de las preguntas que aún falta por responder al respecto.
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Cómo citar
1.
Calderón-Vélez JC, Figueroa-Gordon LC. El acoplamiento excitación-contracción en el músculo esquelético: preguntas por responder a pesar de 50 años de estudio. biomedica [Internet]. 1 de marzo de 2009 [citado 18 de abril de 2024];29(1):140-6. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/50
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