Relación entre la ferritina sérica y los marcadores proinflamatorios en el embarazo tardío: un análisis exploratorio en Cartagena, Colombia
Resumen
Introducción. En un estudio previo, se identificó una relación inversa entre los resultados perinatales adversos y el estado del hierro –al final del embarazo– en mujeres reclutadas en un hospital materno de Cartagena, Colombia. Algunos resultados también se han vinculado a estados inflamatorios maternos. Sin embargo, no hay claridad respecto a la relación entre los niveles de hierro y los marcadores proinflamatorios durante este período.
Objetivo. Estimar la relación entre los marcadores inflamatorios y la ferritina sérica en el tercer trimestre de gestación.
Materiales y métodos. Se determinaron los niveles de ferritina sérica, hemoglobina y citocinas proinflamatorias en mujeres gestantes de Cartagena. Se analizó la relación entre la ferritina sérica y las citocinas proinflamatorias, así como la relación entre los marcadores de hierro e inflamación y los resultados perinatales adversos.
Resultados. Los niveles de IL-6 tuvieron una asociación estadísticamente significativa con la concentración de ferritina sérica (β = 0,42, DE = 0,21, p = 0,04). Hubo una correlación positiva débil entre la ferritina sérica materna y el recuento de linfocitos y monocitos.
Conclusiones. Los marcadores de hierro en sangre (ferritina sérica, hemoglobina y hematocrito) están directamente relacionados con el número de linfocitos. El marcador de inflamación, IL-6, está asociado con los niveles de ferritina sérica en el último trimestre del embarazo. Las mujeres con mayor número de leucocitos y niveles elevados de ferritina sérica tuvieron hijos con menor peso al nacer. Esto sugiere una posible participación del hierro en los procesos inflamatorios durante el embarazo y que las condiciones asociadas con la inflamación en el último trimestre podrían tener efectos adversos en los resultados perinatales.
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