Consumo crónico de edulcorantes en ratones y su efecto sobre el sistema inmunitario y la microbiota del intestino delgado

Jorge Alberto Escoto , Beatriz Elina Martínez-Carrillo , Ninfa Ramírez-Durán , Hugo Ramírez-Saad , José Félix Aguirre-Garrido , Roxana Valdés-Ramos , .

Palabras clave: edulcorantes, intestino delgado, microbioma gastrointestinal, sacarosa, estevia

Resumen

Introducción. Los edulcorantes son aditivos que se consumen en los alimentos. Pueden ser naturales (sacarosa y estevia) o artificiales (sucralosa). Actualmente, se consumen rutinariamente en múltiples productos, y sus efectos en la mucosa y la microbiota del intestino delgado aún son controversiales
Objetivo. Relacionar el consumo de edulcorantes y su efecto en el sistema inmunitario y la microbiota del intestino delgado en ratones CD1.
Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 54 ratones CD1 de tres semanas de edad divididos en tres grupos: un grupo de tres semanas sin tratamiento, un grupo tratado durante seis semanas y un grupo tratado durante 12 semanas. Se les administró sacarosa, sucralosa y estevia. A partir del intestino delgado, se obtuvieron linfocitos B CD19+ y células IgA+, TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) o el factor de crecimiento transformador beta (TGF-beta), IL-12 e IL-17 de las placas de Peyer y de la lámina propia. De los sólidos intestinales se obtuvo el ADN para identificar las especies bacterianas.
Resultados. Después del consumo de sacarosa y sucralosa durante 12 semanas, se redujeron las comunidades bacterianas, la IgA+ y el TGF-beta, se aumentó el CD19+, y además, se incrementaron la IL-12 y la IL-17 en las placas de Peyer; en la lámina propia, aumentaron todos estos valores. En cambio, con la estevia mejoraron la diversidad bacteriana y el porcentaje de linfocitos CD19+, y hubo poco incremento de IgA+, TGF-b e IL-17, pero con disminución de la IL-17.
Conclusión. La sacarosa y la sucralosa alteraron negativamente la diversidad bacteriana y los parámetros inmunitarios después de 12 semanas, en contraste con la estevia que resultó benéfica para la mucosa intestinal.

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  • Jorge Alberto Escoto Investigación en Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6256-3285
  • Beatriz Elina Martínez-Carrillo Investigación en Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-6660
  • Ninfa Ramírez-Durán Microbiología Médica y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3108-895X
  • Hugo Ramírez-Saad Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
  • José Félix Aguirre-Garrido Biotecnología Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma, Estado de México, México
  • Roxana Valdés-Ramos Investigación en Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-886X

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1.
Escoto JA, Martínez-Carrillo BE, Ramírez-Durán N, Ramírez-Saad H, Aguirre-Garrido JF, Valdés-Ramos R. Consumo crónico de edulcorantes en ratones y su efecto sobre el sistema inmunitario y la microbiota del intestino delgado. biomedica [Internet]. 22 de septiembre de 2021 [citado 29 de marzo de 2024];41(3):504-30. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/5806
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2021-09-22
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