Epidemiological analysis of patients coinfected with Chagas disease and cysticercosis
Keywords:
Chagas disease/epidemiology, cysticercosis, infection, survivorship (Public health), autopsy
Abstract
Introduction. Among inhabitants of endemic areas in the developing world, infection with the larva of Taenia solium (cysticercosis) may possibly induce a state of immunosuppression in the host, thereby increasing the risk of multiple infections after exposure to other parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi.
Objective. Increase in the epidemiological occurrence of infection was assessed for Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) in patients with cysticercosis.
Materials and methods. At the University Hospital in Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, data were obtained from autopsies performed between 1970-2004 on 1,501 subjects older than 15 years of age. Cases were divided into four groups: (1) no infection, (2) cysticercosis only, (3) Chagas disease only, and (4) cysticercosis coinfected with Chagas disease. Race, gender and age data were analyzed.
Results. More than half of the cases showed no infection (848 cases or 56.5%); Chagas disease was found in 611 patients (40.7%); 72 cases (4.8% of the autopsies) had cysticercosis and 30 of them (41.7%) were co-infected with Chagas disease. White race and male gender were predominant in all groups. The youngest median age was found in the non-infected group (46 years), followed by those with Chagas disease without cysticercosis (49 years) and those coinfected with cysticercosis and Chagas disease (57.5 years).
Conclusion. Presumably, all patients had a similar exposure to both parasites. However, in this study population, Chagas disease was approximately 10 times more frequent in patients co-infected with cysticercosis.
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References
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26. Kierszenbaum F, Sztein MB. Mechanisms underlying immunosuppression induced by Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitol Today. 1990;6:261-4.
27. Kierszenbaum F, Moretti E, Sztein MB. Molecular basis of Trypanosoma cruzi-induced immunosuppression. Altered expression by activated human lymphocytes of molecules which regulate antigen recognition and progression through the cell cycle. Biol Res. 1993;26:197-207.
28. Sztein MB, Kierszenbaum F. Mechanisms of development of immunosuppression during Trypanosoma infections. Parasitol Today. 1993;9:424-8.
2. Rodriguez M, Terrazas LI, Márquez R, Bojalil R. Susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi is modified by a previous non-related infection. Parasite lmmunol. 1999;21:177-85.
3. Muniz-Junqueira MI, Tavares-Neto J, Prata A, Tosta CE. Antibody response to Salmonella typhi in human schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1996;29:441-5.
4. Booth M, Vennervald BJ, Butterworth AE, Kariuki HC, Amaganga C, Kimani G, et al. Exposure to malaria affects the regression of hepatosplenomegaly after treatment for Schistosoma mansoni infection in Kenyan children. BMC Med. 2004;2:36.
5. Nacher M, Gay F, Singhasivanon P, Krudsood S, Treeprasertsuk S, Mazier D, et al. Ascaris lumbricoides infection is associated with protection from cerebral malaria. Parasite Immunol. 2000;22:107-13.
6. Fagbeni BO, Christensen NO, Nansen P. Supression of Babesia microti infection in mice concurrently infected with Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol. 1985;17:101-10.
7. Del Brutto OH, Castillo PR, Mena IX, Freire AX. Neurocysticercosis among patients with cerebral gliomas. Arch Neurol. 1997;54:1125-8.
8. Herrera LA, Benita-Bordes A, Sotelo J, Chávez L, Olvera J, Rascón A, et al. Possible relationship between neurocysticercosis and hematological malignancies. Arch Med Res. 1999;30:154-8.
9. Handique SK, Das RR, Saharia B, Das P, Buragohain R, Saikia P. Coinfection of Japanese encephalitis with neurocysticercosis: an imaging study. Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:170-5.
10. Carod-Artal FJ. Strokes caused by infection in the tropics. Rev Neurol. 2007;44:755-63.
11. Santo AH. Cysticercosis-related mortality in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, 1985-2004: a study using multiple causes of death. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23:2917-27.
12. Delobel P, Signate A, El Guedj M, Couppie P, Gueye M, Smadja D, et al. Unusual form of neurocysticercosis associated with HIV infection. Eur J Neurol. 2004;11:55-8.
13. Sotelo J, Del Brutto OH. Brain cysticercosis. Arch Med Res. 2000;31:3-14.
14. Prata A. Chagas’ disease. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1994;8:61-76.
15. Yoshida N. Molecular basis of mammalian cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi. An Acad Bras Ciênc. 2006;78:87-111.
16. Cardillo F, Voltarelli JC, Reed SG, Silva JS. Regulation of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice by gamma interferon and interleukin 10: role of NK cells. Infect Immun. 1996;64:128-34.
17. Del Brutto OH, Wadia NH, Dumas M, Cruz M, Tsang VC, Schantz PM. Proposal of diagnostic criteria for human cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis. J Neurol Sci. 1996;142:1-6.
18. Lino RS Jr, Reis MA, Teixeira VP. Occurrence of encephalic and cardiac cysticercosis (Cysticercus cellulosae) in necropsy. Rev Saude Publica. 1999; 33: 495-8.
19. Ramirez LE, Machado MI, Maywald PG, Matos A, Chiari E, Silva EL. Primeira evidência de Trypanosoma rangeli no sudeste do Brasil, região endêmica para doença de Chagas. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1998;31:99-102.
20. Gobbi H, Adad SJ, Neves RR, Almeida HO. Ocorrência de cisticercose (Cysticercus Cellulosae) em pacientes necropsiados em Uberaba, MG. Rev Patol Trop. 1980;9:51-9.
21. Del Brutto OH, Sotelo J. Neurocysticercosis: an update. Rev Infect Dis. 1988;10:1075-87.
22. Dias E, Laranja FS, Miranda A, Nobrega G. Chagas’ disease; a clinical epidemiologic and pathologic study. Circulation. 1956;14:1035-60.
23. Arechavaleta F, Molinari JL, Tato P. A Taenia solium metacestode factor nonspecifically inhibits cytokine production. Parasitol Res. 1998;84:117-22.
24. Sher A, Coffman RL. Regulation of immunity to parasites by T cells and T cell-derived cytokines. Annu Rev Immunol. 1992;10:385-409.
25. Belardelli F. Role of interferons and other cytokines in the regulation of the immune response. APMIS. 1995;10:161-79.
26. Kierszenbaum F, Sztein MB. Mechanisms underlying immunosuppression induced by Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitol Today. 1990;6:261-4.
27. Kierszenbaum F, Moretti E, Sztein MB. Molecular basis of Trypanosoma cruzi-induced immunosuppression. Altered expression by activated human lymphocytes of molecules which regulate antigen recognition and progression through the cell cycle. Biol Res. 1993;26:197-207.
28. Sztein MB, Kierszenbaum F. Mechanisms of development of immunosuppression during Trypanosoma infections. Parasitol Today. 1993;9:424-8.
How to Cite
1.
Guimaraes AC, Lino-Junior R, Lima V, Cavellani C, Corrêa RR, Llaguno M, et al. Epidemiological analysis of patients coinfected with Chagas disease and cysticercosis. biomedica [Internet]. 2009 Mar. 1 [cited 2024 May 17];29(1):127-32. Available from: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/48
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