Cryptococcosis in Colombia: Results of the national surveillance program for the years 2006-2010
Abstract
Introduction. A survey on cryptococcosis is being conducted regularly in Colombia since 1997. Wepresent hereby the results corresponding to patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2010.
Objective. To analyze the data obtained during this period.
Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of the corresponding surveys.
Results. A total of 526 surveys originating from 72% of the Colombian political divisions were receivedduring the 5-year period. Most patients (76.6%) were males and 74.9% were 21-50 years old. Themost prevalent risk factor was HIV infection (83.5%) with cryptococcosis defining AIDS in 23% ofthe cases. In the general population the estimated mean annual incidence rate for cryptococcosiswas 2.4 x 106 inhabitants while in AIDS patients this rate rose to 3.3 x 103. In 474 surveys statingclinical features, most frequent complaints were headache 84.5%, fever 63.4%, nausea and vomiting57.5%, mental alterations 46.3%, meningeal signs 33.0%, cough 26.4% and visual alterations 24.5%.Neurocryptococcosis was recorded in 81.8% of the cases. Laboratory diagnosis was based on directexamination, culture and latex in 29.3% cases. From 413 Cryptococcus isolates analyzed, 95.6%were identified as C. neoformans var. grubii, 1% C. neoformans var. neoformans, and 3.4% C. gattii.Treatment was reported for 71.6% of the cases with amphotericin B alone or in combination withfluconazole prescribed in 28%.
Conclusions. Surveys done through passive surveillance continue to be sentinel markers for HIVinfection and represent a systematic approach to the study of opportunistic problems regularly afflictingAIDS patients since cryptococcosis requires no compulsory notification in Colombia.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i3.707
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