Predominio del subconjunto AII de Giardia duodenalis en niños pequeños de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil
Resumen
Introducción. Giardia duodenalis es un protozoo intestinal de gran prevalencia en los niños de los países en desarrollo. En estudios moleculares se ha evidenciado la gran diversidad genética de G. duodenalis y se han identificado los conjuntos A y B, principalmente en humanos. A pesar de su importancia, el conocimiento de la epidemiología molecular de la giardiasis humana aún es limitado en Brasil.
Objetivo. Caracterizar los aislamientos moleculares de G. duodenalis de muestras tomadas a niños de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil.
Materiales y métodos. Las muestras fecales positivas para G. duodenalis se obtuvieron de 71 niños de dos guarderías y de 39 usuarios de un laboratorio de análisis clínicos. Las muestras se analizaron mediante PCR-RFLP de los genes gdh y beta-giardin, y secuenciación de beta-giardin.
Resultados. De las 110 muestras de G. duodenalis, en 80 (72,7 %) se amplificaron uno o ambos genes. De estos, 62 (77,5 %) se identificaron como pertenecientes al conjunto A y 18 (22,5 %) al B. El subconjunto AII se identificó en el 58,8 % (n=47) de los aislamientos, seguido del AI en el 18,8% (n=15), el BIV en el 11,2% (n=9) y el BIII en el 5,0% (n=4).
El subconjunto AII fue el más frecuente en los niños de ambas guarderías, en tanto que el AI solo se encontró en el grupo atendido en el laboratorio clínico. El subconjunto AII predominó en los niños menores de dos años.
Conclusiones. La mayor frecuencia del subconjunto AII sugiere que la transmisión antroponótica es más común en Salvador, pero también existen vías de transmisión zoonóticas, y que pueden ocurrir cambios en la sensibilidad frente a diferentes patrones moleculares de Giardia durante el crecimiento infantil.
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