Parasitosis por Apicomplexa intestinales en población hospitalaria en Honduras, 2013-2019
Resumen
Introducción. Los protozoos Apicomplexa intestinales son causa reconocida de gastroenteritis. Estas parasitosis son endémicas en Honduras y su epidemiologia varía según los grupos poblacionales.
Objetivo. Identificar los factores de riesgo para ciclosporiasis, criptosporidiosis y cistoisosporiasis.
Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de casos y controles en población hospitalaria. El diagnóstico se hizo utilizando la coloración modificada de Ziehl-Neelsen. La información se obtuvo del registro de laboratorio y las historias clínicas.
Resultados. La ciclosporiasis se asoció con diarrea (OR=2,28; IC95% 1,10-4.89), pérdida de peso (OR=12,7; IC95% 2,49-122), heces líquidas (OR=2,42; IC95% 1,26-4,65), infección con otros protozoos (OR=3,13; IC95% 1,66-5,95). La criptosporidiosis se asoció con el HIV (OR=15,43; IC95% 3,34-71,22), la diarrea (OR=3,52; IC95% 1,40-9,40), la linfopenia (OR=6,16; IC95% 1,99-18,98), las heces de color verde (OR=3,00; IC95% 1,23-7,30). La cistoisosporiasis se asoció con el HIV (OR=11,20; IC95% 3,53-35,44), la diarrea (OR=7,30; IC95% 1,89-28,52), la leucopenia (OR=4,28; IC95% 1,33-13,75), las heces de color verde (OR=11,59; IC95% 1,16-558,60), y los cristales de Charcot-Leyden (OR=11,59; IC95% 1,16-558,60).
Conclusiones. En este estudio de base hospitalaria en Honduras, el HIV fue un factor de riesgo para la criptosporidiosis y la cistoisosporiasis, pero no así para la ciclosporiasis.
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