Micología de desastres

Daniel F. Q Smith, Arturo Casadevall, .

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.6943
Palabras clave: micología, hongos, cambio climático, Candida auris, desastres naturales
Resumen Autores/as Descargas Referencias bibliográficas Cómo citar

Resumen

Los desastres naturales o los causados por el hombre impactan la formación de ecosistemas y comunidades microbianas, y también afectan las formas de vida no microbianas. Este concepto es conocido como “microbiología de desastres”, una subespecialización de la microbiología, basada en los cambios ambientales generados por un desastre y las posibles adaptaciones o alteraciones de las poblaciones microbianas –crecimiento, muerte, trasporte a una nueva región, o adquisición de resistencia o de nuevas características– que influirán en el moldeamiento del ecosistema transformado. Algunos de los efectos de estas adaptaciones pueden ser: el surgimiento de poblaciones microbianas, la habilidad de colonizar nuevos nichos u huéspedes, la generación de nuevas enfermedades, o el crecimiento de microorganismos en condiciones que antes eran “extremas” para ellos.
A lo largo de la historia, varias poblaciones de hongos han sido afectadas por desastres. Existen registros arqueológicos prehistóricos que evidencian la presencia y el crecimiento de hongos luego del impacto de asteroides, y otros de hongos relacionados con la extinción de los dinosaurios. Actualmente, las sequías y las tormentas de polvo causan perturbaciones en las comunidades de hongos del suelo, y los huracanes inducen el crecimiento de hongos filamentosos en superficies húmedas, lo que aumenta la cantidad de enfermedades por hongos. Además, con el aumento de las temperaturas extremas es posible que los hongos puedan adaptarse para sobrevivir a temperaturas más altas, equivalentes a las temperaturas corporales, y nuevas especies puedan infectar mamíferos. Esto puede llevar a un aumento drástico de las infecciones fúngicas en humanos.

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  • Daniel F. Q Smith W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7674-9988
  • Arturo Casadevall W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9402-9167

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Cómo citar
1.
Smith DFQ, Casadevall A. Micología de desastres. biomedica [Internet]. 31 de agosto de 2023 [citado 30 de abril de 2024];43(Sp. 1):267-7. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/6943
Publicado
2023-08-31
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Vol. 43 Núm. Sp. 1 (2023): Agosto, Micología médica
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Derechos de autor 2023 Biomédica

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