Giardia duodenalis prevalence and associated risk factors in preschool and school-age children of rural Colombia
Keywords:
Giardiasis/epidemiology, Giardia, prevalence, risk factors, quality of life, child
Abstract
Introduction. Giardia doudenalis infection remains an important public health problem worldwide, as well as in Colombia. This infection is associated with poverty and lack of public services.Objective. The study was designed to describe prevalence trends of Giardia duodenalis infections in preschool and school-age children from the village of La Virgen, Quipile, Cundinamarca, and its possible association with socioeconomic variables.
Materials and methods. Three cross-sectional studies were undertaken in 1995, 2001 and 2005. In each, a non-random sample was selected among children aged <1 to 15 years. Fecal samples were collected for direct examination in order to determine G. duodenalis infection and other intestinal parasites. During the 2005 survey information was collected concerning the sociodemographic and economic conditions in each family group from which a child was sampled.
Results. The prevalence of G. duodenalis infection did not change significantly during the study period-13.6% in 1995, 12.8% in 2001 and 15.2% in 2005. These results suggested that belonging to the subsidized health care regime was associated with G. duodenalis infection (prevalence rate [PR]: 4.47; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.6-32.0), not having water supply (PR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1-6.0) and involvement in agricultural activities (PR 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-6.4).
Conclusion. Giardiasis is a continuing public health problem at La Virgen. As long as the environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with infection persist, this intestinal protozoan infection will not be controlled.
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References
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10. Ensink JH, van-der-Hoek W, Amerasinghe FP. Giardia duodenalis infection and wastewater irrigation in Pakistan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006;100:538-42.
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12. Machado RC, Marcari EL, de Cristante S, Crisante V, Carareto CM. Giardíase e helmintíases em crianças de creches e escolas de 1° e 2° graus (públicas e privadas) da cidade de Mirassol (SP, Brasil). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1999;32:697-704.
13. Quihui L, Valencia ME, Crompton DW, Phillips S, Hagan P, Morales G et al. Role of the employment status and education of mothers in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Mexican rural schoolchildren. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:225.
14. Laupland KB, Church DL. Population-based laboratory surveillance for Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. infections in a large Canadian health region. BMC Infect Dis. 2005;5:72.
15. Cifuentes E, Suárez L, Espinosa M, Juárez-Figueroa L, Martínez-Palomo A. Risk of Giardia intestinalis infection in children from an artificially recharged groundwater area in Mexico city. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71:65-70.
16. Reyes P, Agudelo C, Moncada L, Cáceres E, López C, Corredor A et al. Desparasitación masiva, estado nutricional y capacidad de aprendizaje en escolares de una comunidad rural. Rev Salud Pública.
1999;1:255-64.
17. World Health Organization. Bench aids for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites. Geneve: WHO; 1992.
18. Guyatt HL. Mass chemotherapy and school-based anthelmintic delivery. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999;93:12-3.
19. Matijasevic EA. Amibiasis. Espectro clínico y tratamiento. Tribuna Med. 1995;91:290-304.
20. Gardner TB, Hill DR. Treatment of giardiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14:114-28.
21. Guimarães S, Sogayar MI. Occurrence of Giardia lamblia in children of municipal day-care centers from Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1995;37:501-6.
2. Adam RD. The biology of Giardia spp. Microbiol Rev. 1991;55:706-32.
3. Flanagan PA. Giardia-diagnosis, clinical course and epidemiology. A review. Epidemiol Infect. 1992;109:1-22.
4. Savioli L, Smith H, Thompson A. Giardia and Cryptosporidium join the "Neglected Diseases Initiative". Trends Parasitol. 2006;22:203-8.
5. Roxstrom-Lindquist K, Palm D, Reiner D, Ringqvist E, Svard SG. Giardia immunity-an update. Trends Parasitol. 2006;22:26-31.
6. Hill DR. Giardiasis. Issues in diagnosis and management. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1993;7:503-25.
7. Ortega YR, Adam RD. Giardia: Overview and update. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:545-9.
8. Corredor A, Arciniegas E, Hernández CA. Parasitismo intestinal, Santa Fe de Bogotá, D.C.: Instituto Nacional de Salud; 2000.
9. Giraldo-Gómez JM, Lora F, Henao LH, Mejía S; Gómez-Marín JE. Prevalencia de giardiasis y parásitos intestinales en preescolares de hogares atendidos en un programa estatal en Armenia, Colombia. Rev Salud Pública. 2005;7:327-38.
10. Ensink JH, van-der-Hoek W, Amerasinghe FP. Giardia duodenalis infection and wastewater irrigation in Pakistan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006;100:538-42.
11. El Kettani S, Azzouzi EM, Maata A. Prevalence of Giardia intestinalis in a farming population using sewage water in agriculture, Settat, Morocco. Med Mal Infect. 2006;36:322-8.
12. Machado RC, Marcari EL, de Cristante S, Crisante V, Carareto CM. Giardíase e helmintíases em crianças de creches e escolas de 1° e 2° graus (públicas e privadas) da cidade de Mirassol (SP, Brasil). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1999;32:697-704.
13. Quihui L, Valencia ME, Crompton DW, Phillips S, Hagan P, Morales G et al. Role of the employment status and education of mothers in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Mexican rural schoolchildren. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:225.
14. Laupland KB, Church DL. Population-based laboratory surveillance for Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. infections in a large Canadian health region. BMC Infect Dis. 2005;5:72.
15. Cifuentes E, Suárez L, Espinosa M, Juárez-Figueroa L, Martínez-Palomo A. Risk of Giardia intestinalis infection in children from an artificially recharged groundwater area in Mexico city. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71:65-70.
16. Reyes P, Agudelo C, Moncada L, Cáceres E, López C, Corredor A et al. Desparasitación masiva, estado nutricional y capacidad de aprendizaje en escolares de una comunidad rural. Rev Salud Pública.
1999;1:255-64.
17. World Health Organization. Bench aids for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites. Geneve: WHO; 1992.
18. Guyatt HL. Mass chemotherapy and school-based anthelmintic delivery. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999;93:12-3.
19. Matijasevic EA. Amibiasis. Espectro clínico y tratamiento. Tribuna Med. 1995;91:290-304.
20. Gardner TB, Hill DR. Treatment of giardiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14:114-28.
21. Guimarães S, Sogayar MI. Occurrence of Giardia lamblia in children of municipal day-care centers from Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1995;37:501-6.
How to Cite
1.
Chaves M del P, Fernández JA, Ospina I, López MC, Moncada L, Reyes P. Giardia duodenalis prevalence and associated risk factors in preschool and school-age children of rural Colombia. biomedica [Internet]. 2007 Sep. 1 [cited 2024 May 17];27(3):345-51. Available from: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/197
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