Perfiles de resistencia a fluoroquinolonas en aislamientos clínicos de cocos Gram positivos provenientes de hospitales colombianos, 1994-2004

César A. Arias, Marylin Hidalgo, Jinnethe Reyes, Ana María Cárdenas, Lorena Díaz, Sandra Ríncon, Natasha Vanegas, Paula Lucía Díaz, Elizabeth Castañeda, .

Palabras clave: fluoroquinolonas, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, resistencia microbiana a los medicamentos, Colombia

Resumen

Introducción. Las fluoroquinolonas son antibióticos de amplio espectro comúnmente utilizados en el manejo de infecciones.
Objetivo. Determinar los patrones de resistencia a fluoroquinolonas en aislamientos colombianos de Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, estafilococos coagulasa negativa y enterococos de centros hospitalarios colombianos, recolectados entre 1994 y 2004.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó la determinación de concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas frente a ciprofloxacino, moxifloxacino y gatifloxacino a 270 aislamientos clínicos de S. pneumoniae, 348 de S. aureus, 176 de estafilococos coagulasa negativa y 123 de enterococos.
Para los aislamientos de S. aureus resistentes a la meticilina se determinó la concentración inhibitoria mínima frente a levofloxacino y para aislamientos de S. pneumoniae se realizó la prueba de difusión en agar con discos de ofloxacino y levofloxacino.
Resultados. Doscientos sesenta y nueve (99,6%) aislamientos de S. pneumoniae fueron susceptibles a gatifloxacino y moxifloxacino; para levofloxacino y ofloxacino la resistencia fue del 1,5% y 8,9%, respectivamente. El 15,9% de S. pneumoniae tuvo una concentración inhibitoria mínima ³ ³³ ³³4 µg/ml frente a ciprofloxacino. Las prevalencias de resistencia para ciprofloxacino, gatifloxacino y moxifloxacino en los 348 aislamientos de S. aureus fueron 55,4%, 54,9% y 52,6%, y en S. aureus resistentes a meticilina, fueron 92,3%, 91,3% y 87,5% y 91,8% para levofloxacino. En estafilococos coagulasa negativa y enterococos susceptibles a vancomicina se observaron tasas de resistencia entre 25,6% y 31,8%. Todos los aislamientos de enterococos resistente a vancomicina fueron resistentes a los compuestos evaluados.
Conclusión. Los aislamientos colombianos de S. pneumoniae mantienen susceptibilidad a las fluoroquinolonas de última generación. La resistencia a fluoroquinolonas es alta en S. aureus, especialmente en aislamientos resistentes a la meticilina (cercana al 100%).

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  • César A. Arias Unidad de Genética y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
  • Marylin Hidalgo Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
  • Jinnethe Reyes Unidad de Genética y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
  • Ana María Cárdenas Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
  • Lorena Díaz Unidad de Genética y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
  • Sandra Ríncon Unidad de Genética y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
  • Natasha Vanegas Instituto de Genética Molecular Bacteriana, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
  • Paula Lucía Díaz Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
  • Elizabeth Castañeda Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia

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Cómo citar
1.
Arias CA, Hidalgo M, Reyes J, Cárdenas AM, Díaz L, Ríncon S, et al. Perfiles de resistencia a fluoroquinolonas en aislamientos clínicos de cocos Gram positivos provenientes de hospitales colombianos, 1994-2004. biomedica [Internet]. 1 de junio de 2008 [citado 28 de marzo de 2024];28(2):284-9. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/99

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