Aplicación de la teoría de la “sindemia” para entender el sexo sin protección y el sexo comercial: un estudio transversal en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), mujeres transexuales y hombres que no tienen sexo con hombres en Colombia

Beatriz Alvarado, Hector Fabio Mueses, Jaime Galindo, Jorge Luis Martínez-Cajas, .

Palabras clave: “sindémico, VIH, sexo inseguro, minorías sexuales y de género

Resumen

Introducción. Los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), y las mujeres transgenero (MT) en Colombia continuan estando a mayor riesgo de VIH. Para entender como los comportamientos se asocian al VIH, se uso la teoria de la sindemia, la cual se ha considerado muy útil en el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención.
Objetivo. Examinar el efecto de cuatro afecciones psicosociales, a saber: historia de sexo forzado, historia de abuso sexual infantil, consumo frecuente de alcohol y consumo de drogas ilícitas en las relaciones sexuales sin protección, así como los efectos sinérgicos (efectos “sindémicos”) de estas afecciones sobre el comportamiento de riesgo para HIV.
Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal que incluyó 812 participantes (hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, HSH: 54,7 %; mujeres transgénero: 7,3 % y hombres que no tenían sexo con otros hombres: 38 %). Los participantes se reclutaron en barrios de estratos socioeconómicos bajos a través de campañas gratuitas de asesoramiento y pruebas de HIV. Se hizo un análisis de regresión de Poisson para probar las asociaciones e interacciones entre las cuatro condiciones psicosociales y las relaciones sexuales sin protección con parejas regulares, ocasionales y comerciales. Para probar el modelo “sindémico” se evaluaron las interacciones aditivas y multiplicativas.
Resultados. La prevalencia de cualquiera de las condiciones psicosociales fue de 94,9 % en mujeres transexuales, de 60,1 % en HSH y de 72,2 % en hombres que no tienen sexo con hombres. Se encontró una mayor probabilidad de tener sexo comercial en los HSH (razón de prevalencia (RP)=7,41, p<0,001) y en los que no tienen sexo con otros hombres (RP=2.18, p<0,001) con tres de las condiciones psicosociales, o con las cuatro, en comparación con aquellos con una sola condición. Las interacciones aditivas se registraron entre todas las combinaciones de problemas psicosociales con el sexo comercial en los HSH. No se observó un efecto acumulativo ni interacciones en mujeres transexuales.
Conclusiones. El estudio resalta la necesidad de combinar programas de salud mental que aborden el abuso sexual infantil, el abuso de drogas y el consumo frecuente de alcohol con otros programas de prevención del HIV.

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  • Beatriz Alvarado Department of Public Health Sciences, Queens University, Kingston, Canada
  • Hector Fabio Mueses Corporación de Lucha contra el SIDA, Cali, Colombia
  • Jaime Galindo Corporación de Lucha contra el SIDA, Cali, Colombia
  • Jorge Luis Martínez-Cajas Department of Medicine, Division of infectious Diseases, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada

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Cómo citar
1.
Alvarado B, Mueses HF, Galindo J, Martínez-Cajas JL. Aplicación de la teoría de la “sindemia” para entender el sexo sin protección y el sexo comercial: un estudio transversal en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), mujeres transexuales y hombres que no tienen sexo con hombres en Colombia. biomedica [Internet]. 15 de junio de 2020 [citado 26 de abril de 2024];40(2):391-403. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/5082

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