Baja prevalencia de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C en una población de reclusos, Maracaibo, Venezuela
Palabras clave:
hepatitis C, prevalencia, prisioneros, Venezuela.
Resumen
Introducción. Las conductas de alto riesgo presentes en los centros de reclusión incrementan la probabilidad de transmisión de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C. En Venezuela no se han realizado estudios del virus en estos centros, por lo que se desconoce la relevancia de la infección en ellos.Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia del virus de la hepatitis C y los posibles factores de riesgos involucrados en la transmisión del virus en reclusos de la cárcel de Sabaneta, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
Material y métodos. Se seleccionó una población de 200 reclusos de un total de 1.000. Las edades estaban comprendidas entre 18 y 69 años (media ± DE: 31,62±9,93 años). La detección de anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis C se realizó por duplicado mediante el método inmunoenzimático ELISA de IV generación y por el método de inmunoblot INNO-LIA HCV®, ambos de Innogenetic Lab (Bélgica). El ARN viral se detectó por la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, previa transcripción inversa, RT-PCR.
Resultados. La frecuencia obtenida con el método ELISA fue de 5% (10/200) y 3/200 (1,5%) individuos fueron positivos, a la vez, con los métodos de INNO-LIA y RT-PCR.
Conclusiones. La prevalencia de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C en esta población fue baja, lo que evidencia la baja circulación del virus en el reclusorio. El principal factor de riesgo para la adquisición de la infección, al parecer, es el uso de drogas intravenosas.
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Referencias bibliográficas
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26. Hennessey KA, Kim AA, Griffin V, Collins NT, Weinbaum CM, Sabin K. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis B and C viruses and co-infection with HIV in three jails: a case for viral hepatitis prevention in jails in the United States. J Urban Health. 2009;86:93-105.
27. Adjel AA, Armah HB, Gbagbo F, Ampofo WK, Quaye IKE, Hesse IF, et al. Correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among incarcerated Ghanaians: A national multicentre study. J Med Microbiol. 2007;56:391-7.
28. Adjei AA, Armah HB, Gbagbo F, Ampofo WK, Boamah I, Ady-Gyamfi C, et al. Correlates of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections among prison inmates and officers in Ghana: a national multicenter study. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;7:8-33.
29. Calzavara L, Ramuscak N, Burchel N, Swantee C, Myers T, Ford P, et al. Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C virus infections among inmates of Ontario remand facilities. CMAJ. 2007;177:257-61.
30. Horne JA, Clements AJ, Drennan P, Stein K, Cramp ME. Screening for hepatitis C virus in the Dartmoor prison population: an observational study. J Public Health. 2004;26:372-5.
31. Fialho M, Messias M, Page-Shafer L, Schmalb M, Pedral-Sampaio D, Ramos N, et al. Prevalence and risk of blood-borne and sexually transmitted viral infections in incarcerated youth in Salvador, Brazil: opportunity and obligation for intervention. AIDS. 2008;12:S17-24.
32. Aguilar M, Cosson C, Loureiro C, Devesa M, Martínez J, Villegas L, et al. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis C virus in Venezuela, as assessed with an immuno-assay based on synthetic peptides. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001;95:187-95.
33. Monsalve-Castillo F, Gómez-Gamboa L, Albillos A, Álvarez-Mon M, Costa-León L, Araujo Soto M, et al. Hepatitis C virus in populations at risk for infection. Venezuela.Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2007;99:315-9.
34. Arteaga VM, Blitz DL, Echeverría JM, León P, Weir MJ, Diez EM, et al. Hepatitis C in hemophilic patients from Maracaibo-Venezuela.Invest Clin. 1993;34:113-8.
35. Pujol FH, Ponce JG, Lema M, Capriles F, Devesa M, Sirit F, et al. High incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients in units with high prevalence. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34:1633-6.
36. Pujol FH, Loureiro C. Replacement of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b by genotype 2 over a 10-year period in Venezuela. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41:518-20.
37. Schmunis GA, Cruz JR. Safety of the blood supply in Latin America. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:12-29.
38. Garassini M. Hepatitis viral C. Gen. 1993;47:257-73.
39. Cova J, Rangel A, Montes H. Anticuerpos anti HCV en insuficientes renales crónicos. Gen. 1996;50:16-21.
40. Meléndez I. Situación actual de las cárceles en Venezuela. Fecha de consulta mayo de 2009]. Disponible en: http://wwwidaniamelendezfigueredo.blogspot.com/
41. Monsalve-Castillo F, Chacín-Bonilla L, Atencio RJ, Espinoza LP, Costa-León L, Echevarria JM. Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Amerindians from Western Venezuela. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2007;102:107-10.
2. Allain JP, Stramer SL, Carneiro-Proietti AB, Martins ML, Lopes da Silva SN, Ribeiro M, et al. Transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases. Biologicals. 2009;37:71-7.
3. Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC). Hepatitis C virus transmission at an outpatient hemodialysis unit-New York, 2001-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:189-94.
4. Sharifi-Mood B, Eshghi P, Sanei-Moghaddam E, Hashemi M. Hepatitis C and C virus infections in patients with hemophilia in Zahedan, southeast Iran. Saudi Med J. 2007;10:1516-9.
5. Grebely J, DeVlaming S, Duncan F, Viljoen M, Conway B. Current approaches to HCV infection in current and former injection drug user. J Addict Dis. 2008;27:25-35.
6. Babudieri S, Longo B, Sarmati L, Starnini G, Dori L, Suligoi B, et al. Correlates of HIV, HBV, and HCV infections in a prison inmate population: results from a multicentre study in Italy. J Med Virol. 2005;76:311-7.
7. Vescio MF, Longo B, Babudieri S, Starnini G, Carbonara S, Rezza G, et al. Correlates of hepatitis C virus seropositivity in prison inmates; a meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008;62:305-13.
8. Macias J, Palacios RB, Claro E, Vargas J, Vergara S, Mira JA, et al. High prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among noninjecting drug users: association with sharing the inhalation implements of crack. Liver Int. 2008;28;781-6.
9. Fischer B, Powis J, Firestone CM, Rudzinski K, Rehm J. Hepatitis C virus transmission among oral crack users: viral detection on crack paraphernalia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;20:29-32.
10. Caraballo De J, Toro DH, Rodríguez-Pérez F, Ruiz H, Ruiz H, Dueño MI, et al. Sexual activity as a risk factor for hepatitis C in Puerto Rico. Bol Asoc Med P R. 2008;100:15-20.
11. Cavalheiro NP. Sexual transmission of hepatitis C. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2007;49:271-7.
12. Alavian SM, Jafari K, Yazdi N. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and its related risk factors in drug abuser prisoners in Hamedan-Iran. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11:4085-9.
13. Guimarães T, Granato C, Varella D, Ferraz M, Castelo A, Kallas E. High prevalence of hepatitis C infection in a Brazilian prison: Identification of risk factors for infection. Braz J Infect Dis. 2001;5:111-8.
14. Burattini M, Massad E, Rozman M, Azevedo R, Carvalho H. Correlation between HIV and HCV in Brazilian prisoners: evidence for parenteral transmission inside prison. Rev Saude Publica. 2000;34:431-6.
15. Martin R, Gold F, Murphy W, Remple V, Berkowits J, Money D. Drug use and risk of blood borne infections: a survey of female prisoners in British Columbia. Can J Public Health. 2005;96:97-101.
16. Zamani S, Ichikawa S, Nassirimanesh B, Vairian M, Ichikawa K, Gouya MM. Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users in Theran. Int J Drug Policy. 2007;18:359-63.
17. Mohtasham Amiri Z, Resvani M, Jafari Shakib R, Jafari Shakib A. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and risk factors of drug using prisoners in Guilan province. East Mediterr Health J. 2007;13:250-6.
18. Verneuil L, Vidal JS, Ze BR, Vabret A, Petitjean J, Leclercq R, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of the whole spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases in male incoming prisoners in France. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009;28:409-13.
19. Macalino GE, Vlahov D, Sanforf-Colby S, Patel S, Sabin K, Salas C, et al. Prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among males in Rhode Island prisons. Am J Public Health. 2004;94:1218-23.
20. Murcia J, Portilla J, Bedia M, Palazón JM, Sánchez-Payá J, de la Hoya PS, et al. Infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis C y enfermedad hepática asociada en una prisión española. Enf Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2009;27:206-12.
21. Sáiz de la Hoya P, Bedia M, Murcia J, Cebria J, Sánchez-PJ, Portilla J. Predictive markers of HIV and HCV infection and co-infection among inmates in a Spanish prison. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2005;23:53-7.
22. Pontali E, Ferrari F. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus co-infections in prisoners infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Int J Prison Health. 2008;4:77-82.
23. Miller ER, Bi P, Ryan P. Hepatitis C virus infection in South Australian prisoners: seroprevalence, seroconversion and risk factors. Int J Infect Dis. 2009;13:201-8.
24. Poulin C, Alary M, Lambert G, Godin G, Landry S, Gagnon H, et al. Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C virus infection among inmates of Quebec provincial prisons. CMAJ. 2007;177:252-6.
25. Alvarado-Esquivel C, Sablon E, Martínez-García S, Estrada-Martínez S. Hepatitis virus and HIV infections in inmates of a state correctional facility in Mexico. Epidemiol Infect. 2005;133:679-85.
26. Hennessey KA, Kim AA, Griffin V, Collins NT, Weinbaum CM, Sabin K. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis B and C viruses and co-infection with HIV in three jails: a case for viral hepatitis prevention in jails in the United States. J Urban Health. 2009;86:93-105.
27. Adjel AA, Armah HB, Gbagbo F, Ampofo WK, Quaye IKE, Hesse IF, et al. Correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among incarcerated Ghanaians: A national multicentre study. J Med Microbiol. 2007;56:391-7.
28. Adjei AA, Armah HB, Gbagbo F, Ampofo WK, Boamah I, Ady-Gyamfi C, et al. Correlates of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections among prison inmates and officers in Ghana: a national multicenter study. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;7:8-33.
29. Calzavara L, Ramuscak N, Burchel N, Swantee C, Myers T, Ford P, et al. Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C virus infections among inmates of Ontario remand facilities. CMAJ. 2007;177:257-61.
30. Horne JA, Clements AJ, Drennan P, Stein K, Cramp ME. Screening for hepatitis C virus in the Dartmoor prison population: an observational study. J Public Health. 2004;26:372-5.
31. Fialho M, Messias M, Page-Shafer L, Schmalb M, Pedral-Sampaio D, Ramos N, et al. Prevalence and risk of blood-borne and sexually transmitted viral infections in incarcerated youth in Salvador, Brazil: opportunity and obligation for intervention. AIDS. 2008;12:S17-24.
32. Aguilar M, Cosson C, Loureiro C, Devesa M, Martínez J, Villegas L, et al. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis C virus in Venezuela, as assessed with an immuno-assay based on synthetic peptides. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001;95:187-95.
33. Monsalve-Castillo F, Gómez-Gamboa L, Albillos A, Álvarez-Mon M, Costa-León L, Araujo Soto M, et al. Hepatitis C virus in populations at risk for infection. Venezuela.Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2007;99:315-9.
34. Arteaga VM, Blitz DL, Echeverría JM, León P, Weir MJ, Diez EM, et al. Hepatitis C in hemophilic patients from Maracaibo-Venezuela.Invest Clin. 1993;34:113-8.
35. Pujol FH, Ponce JG, Lema M, Capriles F, Devesa M, Sirit F, et al. High incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients in units with high prevalence. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34:1633-6.
36. Pujol FH, Loureiro C. Replacement of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b by genotype 2 over a 10-year period in Venezuela. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41:518-20.
37. Schmunis GA, Cruz JR. Safety of the blood supply in Latin America. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:12-29.
38. Garassini M. Hepatitis viral C. Gen. 1993;47:257-73.
39. Cova J, Rangel A, Montes H. Anticuerpos anti HCV en insuficientes renales crónicos. Gen. 1996;50:16-21.
40. Meléndez I. Situación actual de las cárceles en Venezuela. Fecha de consulta mayo de 2009]. Disponible en: http://wwwidaniamelendezfigueredo.blogspot.com/
41. Monsalve-Castillo F, Chacín-Bonilla L, Atencio RJ, Espinoza LP, Costa-León L, Echevarria JM. Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Amerindians from Western Venezuela. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2007;102:107-10.
Cómo citar
1.
Monsalve F, Chacín Bonilla L, Atencio RJ, Porto LD, Costa León LA, Estévez JE, et al. Baja prevalencia de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C en una población de reclusos, Maracaibo, Venezuela. biomedica [Internet]. 1 de diciembre de 2009 [citado 23 de abril de 2024];29(4):647-52. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/142
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2009-12-01
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