Toxic effect of b-cipermethrin, deltamethrin and fenitrothion in colonies of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) and Triatoma maculata (Erichson, 1848) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)
Keywords:
Triatominae, Triatoma, Chagas disease, insecticides, organophosphate, pyrethrins
Abstract
Introduction. The susceptibility to insecticides of triatomine species must be evaluated because of their involvement in the transmission of the Chagas disease. In each region with Chagas endemicity, evaluation of insecticide response is necessary to predict the success of the control campaigns.Objective. The baseline susceptibility was determined for the active principles deltamethrin, b-cypermethrin and fenitrothion in nymphs of first and fifth instar of Triatoma dimidiata and nymphs of first instar of Triatoma maculata.
Materials and methods. The insecticide activity in triatomines was evaluated by the technique of topical application.
Results. The values of the LD50 in nymphs of first instar for T. maculata, expressed in nanograms per insect (ng/i), were 0.07, 0.05 and 4.12 for deltamethrin, b-cypermethrin and fenitrothion respectively. The corresponding LD99 values were 1.08, 0.37 and 17.89 ng/i. In T. dimidiata, the LD50 values were 0.44, 0.46 and 16.45 ng/i; the LD99 values were 2.22, 1.97 and 36.07 ng/i. In nymphs of fifth instar T. dimidiata, the LD50 values were 510.7, 1,623.6 and 838.9 ng/i; the LD99 values were 9,607.5, 11,717.9 and 1,525.0 ng/i, respectively.
Conclusion. In first instar nymphs of T. dimidiata and T. maculata, the pyrethroid insecticides were more effective; in fifth instar nymphs of T. dimidiata, the effectiveness of the pyrethroids and the organophosphate differed in the LD50 comparison-the nymphs required much higher doses compared with the other triatomines and suggested a low susceptibility. The LD99 for the organophosphate (fenitrothion) was significantly lower and may indicate its greater effectiveness in field. Studies of synergistic effects amonst insecticides are important to clarify the role of biochemical mechanisms that determine tolerance to the pyrethroids. Insecticide tolerance represents a new challenge for control campaigns in the Andean and Central American countries where Chagas disease is endemic.
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References
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15. Nakagagua J, Cordón-Rosales C, Juárez J, Itzep C, Nonami T. Impact of residual spraying on Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata in the department of Zacapa in Guatemala. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003;98:277-81.
16. Ceceré MC, Gurtler RE, Canale DM, Chuit R, Cohen JE. Effects of partial housing improvement and insecticide spraying on the reinfestation dynamics of Triatoma infestans in rural northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 2002;84:101-16.
17. Tabarú Y, Monroy C, Rodas A, Mejia M, Rosales R. Chemical control of Triatoma dimidiata and Rhodnius prolixus (Reduviidae:Triatominae), the principal vectors of Chagas disease in Guatemala. Med Entomol Zool 1998;49:87-92.
18. Vassena CV, Piccollo MI, Zerba EN. Insecticide resistance in Brazilian Triatoma infestans and Venezuelan Rhodnius prolixus. Med Vet Entomol 2000;14:51-5.
19. Vassena CV, Piccollo MI. Monitoreo de resistencia a insecticidas en poblaciones de campo en Triatoma infestans y Rhodnius prolixus, insectos vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas. Boletín Electrónico Mensual del Servicio de Toxicología del Sanatorio de Niños de Rosario 2003:13. [Consultado: abril 5 de 2004]. Disponible en: http://www.sertox.com.ar/retel/n03/004.htm.
20. Piccollo MI, Vassena C, Santo Orihuela P, Barrios S, Zaidemberg M, Zerba E. High resistance to pyrethroid insecticides associated with ineffective field treatments in Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from Northern Argentina. J Med Entomol 2005;42:637-42.
21. Oliveira Filho AM. Differences of susceptibility of five Triatomine species to pyrethroid insecticides -implications for Chagas disease vector control. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999;94(Suppl. 1):425-8.
22. Fox I, Bayona IG. Toxicity of DDT, dieldrin, mlathion and fenthion to Rhodnius prolixus in the laboratory. Bull World Health Organ 1966;35:974-6.
23. Sandoval CM. Actividad insecticida del malatión y la deltametrina en una cepa colombiana de Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera:Rudiviidae). Monitoreo de la resistencia a insecticidas en triatominos en América Latina. Buenos Aires: Fundación Mundo Sano, Red Latinoamericana de Control de Triatominos RELCOT;2001. p.27-33.
24. WHO. Protocolo de evaluación de efecto insecticida sobre triatominos. Acta Toxicol Arg 1994;2:29-32. 25. Zerba EN. Evolución del control químico de los insectos vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina 1997;227:35-9.
26. Alzogaray RA, Zerba EN. Third instar nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus exposed to a-cyanopyrethroids: from hyperactivity to death. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2001;46:119-26.
27. Kostaropoulos I, Papadopoulos AI, Metaxakis A, Boukouvala E, Papadopoulou-Mourkidou E. Glutathione S-transferase in the defence against pyrethroids in insects. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2001;31:313-9.
28. Fontán A, Zerba EN. Influence of the nutritional state of Triatoma infestans over the insecticidal activity of DDT. Comp Biochem Physiol C 1992;101:589-91.
29. Georghiou G. Insecticide resistance and prospects for its management. Residue Rev 1980;76:131-45.
2. Dujardin JP,Schofield CJ, Panzera F. Les vecteurs de la maladie de Chagas. Recherches taxonomiques, biologiques et génétiques. Bruxelles: Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre Mer; 2000. p.162.
3. Aguilar M H, Abad Franch F, Racines VJ, Paucar CA. Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Ecuador. A brief review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999;94(Suppl. 1):387-93.
4. Schofield CJ. Challenges of Chagas disease vector control in Central America. Geneva: WHO;2000. p.36.
5. Angulo VM. Ensayo de estrategias de control y vigilancia de Triatoma dimidiata en Colombia. En: Guhl F, editor. Primer Taller Internacional Sobre Control de la Enfermedad de Chagas; Curso de Diagnóstico, Manejo y Tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Chagas. VI Reunión de la Iniciativa Andina para el control de la Enfermedad de Chagas. Bogotá D.C.: Ediciones Uniandes; 2005. p.91-102.
6. Guhl F, Angulo VM, Restrepo M, Nicholls S, Montoya R. Estado del arte de la enfermedad de Chagas en Colombia y estrategias de control. Biomédica 2003;23:31-4.
7. Molina JA, Gualdrón LE, Brochero HL, Olano VA, Barrios D, Guhl F. Distribución actual e importancia epidemiológica de las especies de triatominos (Reduviidae:Triatominae) en Colombia. Biomédica 2000;20:344-60.
8. Zeledón R, Montenegro VM, Zeledón O. Evidence of colonization of man-made ecotopes by Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille,1811) in Costa Rica. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001;96:659-60.
9. Corredor A, Santacruz M, Paez S, Guatame LA. Distribución de los triatominos domiciliados en Colombia. Bogotá: Ministerio de Salud-Instituto Nacional de Salud; 1990 p.144.
10. Zerba EN. Susceptibility and resistance to insecticides of Chagas disease vectors. Medicina (B Aires) 1999;59:41-6.
11. Dias J, Schofield CJ. The evolution of Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) control after 90 years since Carlos Chagas discovery. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999;94(Suppl. 1):103-21.
12. Guhl F, Vallejo GA. Interruption of Chagas disease transmission in the Andean countries: Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999;94(Suppl. 1):413-5.
13. Angulo VM, Sandoval CM. Triatominos y Programa Nacional de Control en Colombia. Monitoreo de la resistencia a insecticidas en triatominos en América Latina, Buenos Aires: Fundación Mundo Sano, Red Latinoamericana de Control de Triatominos RELCOT; 2001. p.21-6.
14. Sánchez JF. Informe comportamiento del programa de Chagas, Cundinamarca años 2002-2005. Secretaría de Salud de Cundinamarca. En: Guhl F, editor. Primer Taller Internacional Sobre Control de la Enfermedad de Chagas. Curso de Diagnóstico, Manejo y Tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Chagas. VI Reunión de la Iniciativa Andina para el control de la Enfermedad de Chagas. Bogotá D.C: Ediciones Uniandes; 2005. p.135-40.
15. Nakagagua J, Cordón-Rosales C, Juárez J, Itzep C, Nonami T. Impact of residual spraying on Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata in the department of Zacapa in Guatemala. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003;98:277-81.
16. Ceceré MC, Gurtler RE, Canale DM, Chuit R, Cohen JE. Effects of partial housing improvement and insecticide spraying on the reinfestation dynamics of Triatoma infestans in rural northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 2002;84:101-16.
17. Tabarú Y, Monroy C, Rodas A, Mejia M, Rosales R. Chemical control of Triatoma dimidiata and Rhodnius prolixus (Reduviidae:Triatominae), the principal vectors of Chagas disease in Guatemala. Med Entomol Zool 1998;49:87-92.
18. Vassena CV, Piccollo MI, Zerba EN. Insecticide resistance in Brazilian Triatoma infestans and Venezuelan Rhodnius prolixus. Med Vet Entomol 2000;14:51-5.
19. Vassena CV, Piccollo MI. Monitoreo de resistencia a insecticidas en poblaciones de campo en Triatoma infestans y Rhodnius prolixus, insectos vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas. Boletín Electrónico Mensual del Servicio de Toxicología del Sanatorio de Niños de Rosario 2003:13. [Consultado: abril 5 de 2004]. Disponible en: http://www.sertox.com.ar/retel/n03/004.htm.
20. Piccollo MI, Vassena C, Santo Orihuela P, Barrios S, Zaidemberg M, Zerba E. High resistance to pyrethroid insecticides associated with ineffective field treatments in Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from Northern Argentina. J Med Entomol 2005;42:637-42.
21. Oliveira Filho AM. Differences of susceptibility of five Triatomine species to pyrethroid insecticides -implications for Chagas disease vector control. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999;94(Suppl. 1):425-8.
22. Fox I, Bayona IG. Toxicity of DDT, dieldrin, mlathion and fenthion to Rhodnius prolixus in the laboratory. Bull World Health Organ 1966;35:974-6.
23. Sandoval CM. Actividad insecticida del malatión y la deltametrina en una cepa colombiana de Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera:Rudiviidae). Monitoreo de la resistencia a insecticidas en triatominos en América Latina. Buenos Aires: Fundación Mundo Sano, Red Latinoamericana de Control de Triatominos RELCOT;2001. p.27-33.
24. WHO. Protocolo de evaluación de efecto insecticida sobre triatominos. Acta Toxicol Arg 1994;2:29-32. 25. Zerba EN. Evolución del control químico de los insectos vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina 1997;227:35-9.
26. Alzogaray RA, Zerba EN. Third instar nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus exposed to a-cyanopyrethroids: from hyperactivity to death. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2001;46:119-26.
27. Kostaropoulos I, Papadopoulos AI, Metaxakis A, Boukouvala E, Papadopoulou-Mourkidou E. Glutathione S-transferase in the defence against pyrethroids in insects. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2001;31:313-9.
28. Fontán A, Zerba EN. Influence of the nutritional state of Triatoma infestans over the insecticidal activity of DDT. Comp Biochem Physiol C 1992;101:589-91.
29. Georghiou G. Insecticide resistance and prospects for its management. Residue Rev 1980;76:131-45.
How to Cite
1.
Reyes M, Angulo VM, Sandoval CM. Toxic effect of b-cipermethrin, deltamethrin and fenitrothion in colonies of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) and Triatoma maculata (Erichson, 1848) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). biomedica [Internet]. 2007 Jan. 1 [cited 2024 May 19];27(1esp):75-82. Available from: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/250
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