Trypanosoma rangeli parasite-vector-vertebrate interactions and their relationship to the systematics and epidemiology of American trypanosomiasis
Keywords:
Trypanosoma, Rhodnius, trypanosomiasis/epidemiology, random amplified polymorphic DNA technique, Chagas disease
Abstract
Introduction. Trypanosoma rangeli is a species of trypanosome second to T. cruzi, that is infective to humans in Latin America. Variability in the biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics between different isolates isolates of this parasite have been recorded.Objective. Morphological and molecular characteristics were recorded from strains of T. rangeli that were isolated from different species of Rhodnius and maintained in different vertebrate species.
Materials and methods. Nineteen strains of T. rangeli were isolated from R. prolixus, R. pallescens and R. colombiensis in Colombia, R. ecuadoriensis in Peru and R. pallescens in Panama. Polymorphism of blood trypomastigotes in ICR mice was evaluated and pleomorphism of P53 strain of T. rangeli KP1(-) inoculated in mouse, marsupial and canine was studied. RAPD analysis (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis) of 12 strains isolated from four species of Rhodnius was performed.
Result. Based on the total length of blood trypomastigotes, three discrete groups were observed. The P53 strain showed significant differences in the size of blood trypomastigotes in mouse, marsupial and canine. RAPD analysis showed that the strains segregated into two branches corresponding to strains of T. rangeli KP1(+) and T. rangeli KP1(-). All strains of T. rangeli KP1 (-) clustered according to the species of Rhodnius from which they were isolated .
Conclusion. These data reveal, for the first time, a close association amongst T. rangeli strains and Rhodnius species, confirming that each species of Rhodnius transmits to vertebrate hosts a parasite population with clear phenotypic and genotypic differences. This is further evidence that supports the concept of clonal evolution of these parasites.
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References
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2. Watkins R. Trypanosoma rangeli: effect on excretion in Rhodnius prolixus. J Invertebr Pathol 1971;17:67-71.
3. Watkins R. Histology of Rhodnius prolixus infected with Trypanosoma rangeli. J Invertebr Pathol 1971;17:59-66.
4. D'Alessandro-Bacigalupo A, Gore-Saravia N. Trypanosoma rangeli. En: Kreier JP, editor. Parasitic protozoa. London: Academic Press; 1992.p.1-54.
5. D'Alessandro-Bacigalupo A, Gore-Saravia N. Trypanosoma rangeli. En: Gilles HM, editor. Protozoal diseases. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999.p.398-412.
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Acta Trop 1985;42:311-8.
7. Guhl F, Hudson L, Marinkelle CJ, Jaramillo CA, Bridge D. Clinical Trypanosoma rangeli infection as a complication of Chagas' disease. Parasitology 1987;94:475-84.
8. Guhl F, Vallejo GA. Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli Tejera, 1920: an updated review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003;98:435-42.
9. Urrea DA, Carranza JC, Cuba CA, Gurgel- Gonçalves R, Guhl F, Schofield CJ, et al. Molecular characterisation of Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from Rhodnius ecuadoriensis in Peru, R.
colombiensis in Colombia and R. pallescens in Panama, supports a co-evolutionary association between parasites and vectors. Infect Genet Evol 2005;5:123-9.
10. Vallejo GA, Marinkelle CJ, Guhl F, De Sánchez N. Comportamiento de la infección y diferenciación morfológica entre Trypanosoma cruzi y T. rangeli en el intestino del vector Rhodnius prolixus. Rev Bras Biol 1988;48:577-87.
11. Guhl F, Jaramillo C, Carranza JC, Vallejo GA. Molecular characterization and diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi and T. rangeli. Arch Med Res 2002;33:362-70.
12. Macedo AM, Vallejo GA, Chiari E, Pena SD. DNA fingerprinting reveals relationships between strains of Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi. En: Pena SD, Chakraborty R, Epplen JT, Jeffreys AJ, editors. DNA fingerprinting: state of the Science. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag: 1993. p.321-9.
13. Vallejo GA, Macedo AM, Chiari E, Pena SD. Kinetoplast DNA from Trypanosoma rangeli contains two distinct classes of minicircle with different size and molecular organization. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1994;67:245-53.
14. Steindel M, Dias-Neto E, Pinto CJ, Grisard E, Menezes C, Murta SM, et al. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and isoenzyme analysis of Trypanosoma rangeli strains. J Eukaryot Microbiol
1994;41:261-7.
15. Toaldo CB, Steindel M, Sousa MA, Tavares CC. Molecular karyotype and chromosomal localization of genes encoding 0-tubulina, cisteina proteinase, HSP 70 and actin in Trypanosoma rangeli. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001;96:113-21.
16. Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Chiari E, Macedo AM. Specie specific detection of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypansoma rangeli in vector and mammalian hosts by polymerase chain reaction amplification of kinetoplast minicircle DNA. Acta Trop 1999;72:203-12.
17. Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Carranza JC, Lozano LE, Sánchez JL, Jaramillo JC, et al. kDNA markers define two major Trypanosoma rangeli lineages in Latin America. Acta Trop 2002;81:77-82.
18. Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Carranza JC, Moreno J, Triana O, Grisard EC. Parity between kinetoplast DNA and miniexon gene sequences supports either clonal evolution or speciation in Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from Rhodnius colombiensis, R. pallescens and R. prolixus in Colombia. Infect Genet Evol 2003;3:39-45.
19. Grisard EC, Campbell DA, Romanha AJ. Mini-exon gene sequence polymorphism among Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from distinct geographical regions. Parasitology 1999;118:375-82.
20. Hoare CA. Herpetosoma from man and other mammals. En: The trypanosomes of mammals: a zoological monograph. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1972.p.288-314
21. Ziccardi M, Lourenco-de-Oliveira R. Polymorphism in trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) minasense in the blood of experimentally infected squirrel monkey and marmosets. Mem Inst Oswaldo
Cruz 1999;94:649-53.
22. Sanguinetti CJ, Dias-Neto E, Simpson AJ. Rapid silver staining and recovery of PCR products separated on polyacrylamide gels. Biotechniques 1994;17:914-21.
23. Black WC. Statistical analysis of arbitrarily primed PCR patterns in molecular taxonomic studies. En: Clap CL, editor. Methods in molecular biology. Species diagnostics protocols: PCR and other nucleic acid methods. Vol. 50. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 1995. p.39-55.
24. Nei M. Estimation of average heterozygocity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 1978;89:583-90.
25. Sánchez IP, Pulido XC, Carranza JC, Triana O, Vallejo GA. Inmunidad natural de Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) frente a la infección con Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli
KP1(-) aislados de Rhodnius pallescens, R. colombiensis y R. ecuadoriensis. Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ciencias Biológicas 2005;17:108-18.
26. Maia da Silva F, Rodrigues AC, Campaner M, Takata CS, Brigido MC, Junqueira AC, et al. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Trypanosoma rangeli and allied species from human, monkeys and other sylvatic mammals of the Brazilian Amazon disclosed a new group and a species-specific marker. Parasitology 2004;128:283-94.
27. Thorpe JP, Solé-Cava AM. The use of allozyme electrophoresis in invertebrate systematics. Zool Scr 1994;23:3-18
28. Brisse S, Barnabé C, Tibayrenc M. Identification of six Trypanosoma cruzi phylogenetic lineages by random amplified polymorphic DNA and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Int J Parasitol 2000;30:35-44.
29. Brisse S, Verhoef J, Tibayrenc M. Characterization of large and small subunit rRNA and mini-exon genes further supports the distinction of six Trypanosoma cruzi lineages. Int J Parasitol 2001;31:1218-26.
2. Watkins R. Trypanosoma rangeli: effect on excretion in Rhodnius prolixus. J Invertebr Pathol 1971;17:67-71.
3. Watkins R. Histology of Rhodnius prolixus infected with Trypanosoma rangeli. J Invertebr Pathol 1971;17:59-66.
4. D'Alessandro-Bacigalupo A, Gore-Saravia N. Trypanosoma rangeli. En: Kreier JP, editor. Parasitic protozoa. London: Academic Press; 1992.p.1-54.
5. D'Alessandro-Bacigalupo A, Gore-Saravia N. Trypanosoma rangeli. En: Gilles HM, editor. Protozoal diseases. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999.p.398-412.
6. GuhI F, Hudson L, Marinkelle CJ, Morgan S, Jaramillo C. Antibody response to experimental Trypanosoma rangeli infection and its implications for immunodiagnosis of South American trypanosomiasis.
Acta Trop 1985;42:311-8.
7. Guhl F, Hudson L, Marinkelle CJ, Jaramillo CA, Bridge D. Clinical Trypanosoma rangeli infection as a complication of Chagas' disease. Parasitology 1987;94:475-84.
8. Guhl F, Vallejo GA. Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli Tejera, 1920: an updated review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003;98:435-42.
9. Urrea DA, Carranza JC, Cuba CA, Gurgel- Gonçalves R, Guhl F, Schofield CJ, et al. Molecular characterisation of Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from Rhodnius ecuadoriensis in Peru, R.
colombiensis in Colombia and R. pallescens in Panama, supports a co-evolutionary association between parasites and vectors. Infect Genet Evol 2005;5:123-9.
10. Vallejo GA, Marinkelle CJ, Guhl F, De Sánchez N. Comportamiento de la infección y diferenciación morfológica entre Trypanosoma cruzi y T. rangeli en el intestino del vector Rhodnius prolixus. Rev Bras Biol 1988;48:577-87.
11. Guhl F, Jaramillo C, Carranza JC, Vallejo GA. Molecular characterization and diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi and T. rangeli. Arch Med Res 2002;33:362-70.
12. Macedo AM, Vallejo GA, Chiari E, Pena SD. DNA fingerprinting reveals relationships between strains of Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi. En: Pena SD, Chakraborty R, Epplen JT, Jeffreys AJ, editors. DNA fingerprinting: state of the Science. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag: 1993. p.321-9.
13. Vallejo GA, Macedo AM, Chiari E, Pena SD. Kinetoplast DNA from Trypanosoma rangeli contains two distinct classes of minicircle with different size and molecular organization. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1994;67:245-53.
14. Steindel M, Dias-Neto E, Pinto CJ, Grisard E, Menezes C, Murta SM, et al. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and isoenzyme analysis of Trypanosoma rangeli strains. J Eukaryot Microbiol
1994;41:261-7.
15. Toaldo CB, Steindel M, Sousa MA, Tavares CC. Molecular karyotype and chromosomal localization of genes encoding 0-tubulina, cisteina proteinase, HSP 70 and actin in Trypanosoma rangeli. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001;96:113-21.
16. Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Chiari E, Macedo AM. Specie specific detection of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypansoma rangeli in vector and mammalian hosts by polymerase chain reaction amplification of kinetoplast minicircle DNA. Acta Trop 1999;72:203-12.
17. Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Carranza JC, Lozano LE, Sánchez JL, Jaramillo JC, et al. kDNA markers define two major Trypanosoma rangeli lineages in Latin America. Acta Trop 2002;81:77-82.
18. Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Carranza JC, Moreno J, Triana O, Grisard EC. Parity between kinetoplast DNA and miniexon gene sequences supports either clonal evolution or speciation in Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from Rhodnius colombiensis, R. pallescens and R. prolixus in Colombia. Infect Genet Evol 2003;3:39-45.
19. Grisard EC, Campbell DA, Romanha AJ. Mini-exon gene sequence polymorphism among Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from distinct geographical regions. Parasitology 1999;118:375-82.
20. Hoare CA. Herpetosoma from man and other mammals. En: The trypanosomes of mammals: a zoological monograph. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1972.p.288-314
21. Ziccardi M, Lourenco-de-Oliveira R. Polymorphism in trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) minasense in the blood of experimentally infected squirrel monkey and marmosets. Mem Inst Oswaldo
Cruz 1999;94:649-53.
22. Sanguinetti CJ, Dias-Neto E, Simpson AJ. Rapid silver staining and recovery of PCR products separated on polyacrylamide gels. Biotechniques 1994;17:914-21.
23. Black WC. Statistical analysis of arbitrarily primed PCR patterns in molecular taxonomic studies. En: Clap CL, editor. Methods in molecular biology. Species diagnostics protocols: PCR and other nucleic acid methods. Vol. 50. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 1995. p.39-55.
24. Nei M. Estimation of average heterozygocity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 1978;89:583-90.
25. Sánchez IP, Pulido XC, Carranza JC, Triana O, Vallejo GA. Inmunidad natural de Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) frente a la infección con Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli
KP1(-) aislados de Rhodnius pallescens, R. colombiensis y R. ecuadoriensis. Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ciencias Biológicas 2005;17:108-18.
26. Maia da Silva F, Rodrigues AC, Campaner M, Takata CS, Brigido MC, Junqueira AC, et al. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Trypanosoma rangeli and allied species from human, monkeys and other sylvatic mammals of the Brazilian Amazon disclosed a new group and a species-specific marker. Parasitology 2004;128:283-94.
27. Thorpe JP, Solé-Cava AM. The use of allozyme electrophoresis in invertebrate systematics. Zool Scr 1994;23:3-18
28. Brisse S, Barnabé C, Tibayrenc M. Identification of six Trypanosoma cruzi phylogenetic lineages by random amplified polymorphic DNA and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Int J Parasitol 2000;30:35-44.
29. Brisse S, Verhoef J, Tibayrenc M. Characterization of large and small subunit rRNA and mini-exon genes further supports the distinction of six Trypanosoma cruzi lineages. Int J Parasitol 2001;31:1218-26.
How to Cite
1.
Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Carranza JC, Triana O, Pérez G, Ortiz PA, et al. Trypanosoma rangeli parasite-vector-vertebrate interactions and their relationship to the systematics and epidemiology of American trypanosomiasis. biomedica [Internet]. 2007 Jan. 1 [cited 2024 May 12];27(1esp):110-8. Available from: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/254
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