Identifying Trypanosoma cruzi discreet typing units in triatomines collected in different natural regions of Perú
Abstract
Introduction: Trypanosoma cruzi has been divided by international consensus into six discrete typing units (DTU): TcI, TcII, TcIII, TcIV, TcV y TcVI. The factors determining the dynamics of T. cruzi genotypes vector transmission of Chagas’ disease in the different geographical regions of Perú are still unknown.
Objective: To detect and type T. cruzi DTUs from the faeces of seven species of triatomines (Panstrongylus chinai, P. geniculatus, P. herreri, Rhodnius robustus, R. pictipes, Triatoma carrioni and T. infestans) captured in eight departments from different natural regions of Perú.
Materials and methods: We examined 197 insects for detecting trypanosomes. DNA was extracted from each insect intestinal contents and PCR amplification of kDNA, SL-IR, 24Sα rRNA and 18Sα RNA was performed for detecting T. cruzi DTUs.
Results: Five T. rangeli and 113 T. cruzi infections were detected; 95 of the latter were identified as TcI (two in P. chinai, one in P. geniculatus, 68 in P. herreri, four in R. pictipes, seven in R. robustus, one in T. carrioni, 12 in T. infestans), five as TcII (four in P. herreri, one in T. infestans), four as TcIII (three in P. herreri, one in R. robustus) and four TcIV infections in P. herreri.
Conclusions: This is the first study which has attempted a large-scale characterization of T. cruzi found in the intestine of epidemiologically important vectors in Perú, thus providing basic information that will facilitate a better understanding of the dynamics of T. cruzi vector transmission in Perú.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis). Fecha de consulta: 10 de enero de 2015. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs340/en/
Rueda K, Trujillo JE, Carranza JC, Vallejo GA. Transmisión oral de Trypanosoma cruzi: una nueva situación epidemiológica de la enfermedad de Chagas en Colombia y otros países suramericanos. Biomédica. 2014;34:631-41. httsp://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v34i4.2204
Zingales B, Andrade SG, Briones MR, Campbell DA, Chiari E, Fernandes O, et al. A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: Second revision meeting recommendsTcI to TcVI. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009;104:1051-4. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762009000700021
Zingales B, Miles MA, Campbell DA, Tibayrenc M, Macedo AM, Teixeira MM, et al. The revised Trypanosoma cruzi subspecific nomenclature: Rationale, epidemiological relevance and research applications. Infect Genet Evol. 2012;12:240-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2011.12.009
Marcili A, Lima L, Cavazzana MJ, Junqueira AC, Veludo HH, Maia da Silva F, et al. A new genotype of Trypanosoma cruzi associated with bats evidenced by phylogenetic analyses using SSU rDNA, cytochrome b and histone H2B genes and genotyping based on ITS1 rDNA. Parasitology. 2009;136:641-55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182009005861
Pinto CM, Kalko EK, Cottontail I, Wellinghausen N, Cottontail VM. TcBat a bat-exclusive lineage of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Panamá Canal Zone, with comments on its classification and the use of the 18S rRNA gene for lineage identification. Infect Genet Evol. 2012;12:1328-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2012.04.013
Ramírez JD, Tapia-Calle G, Muñoz-Cruz G, Poveda C, Rendón LM, Hincapié E, et al. Trypanosome species in neotropical bats: Biological, evolutionary and epidemiological implications. Infect Genet Evol. 2014;22:250-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2013.06.022
Lima L, Espinosa-Álvarez O, Ortiz PA, Trejo-Varón JA, Carranza JC, Pinto CM, et al. Genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi in bats, and multilocus phylogenetic and phylogeographical analyses supporting Tcbat as an independent DTU (discrete typing unit). Acta Trop. 2015;151:166-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.015
Herrera C, Bargues MD, Fajardo A, Montilla M, Triana O, Vallejo GA, et al. Identifying four Trypanosoma cruzi I isolate haplotypes from different geographic regions of Colombia. Infect Genet Evol. 2007;7:535-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2006.12.003
Llewellyn MS, Miles MA, Carrasco HJ, Lewis MD, Yeo M, Vargas J, et al. Genome-scale multilocus microsatellite typing of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing unit I reveals phylogeographic structure and specific genotypes linked to human infection. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5:e1000410. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000410
Ramírez JD, Guhl F, Rendón LM, Rosas F, Marín-Neto JA, Morillo CA. Chagas cardiomyopathy manifestations and Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes circulating in chronic chagasic patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4:e899. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000899
Mantilla JC, Zafra GA, Macedo AM, González CI. Mixed infection of Trypanosoma cruzi I and II in a Colombian cardiomyopathic patient. Hum Pathol. 2010;41:610-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2009.11.005
Rassi A Jr, Rassi A, Marcondes de Rezende J. American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2012;26:275-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.002
Monje-Rumi MM, Pérez-Brandán C, Ragone PG, Tomasini N, Lauthier JJ, Alberti-D’Amato AM, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi diversity in the Gran Chaco: Mixed infections and differential host distribution of TcV and TcVI. Infect Genet Evol. 2015;29:53-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2014.11.001
Cura CI, Mejía-Jaramillo AM, Duffy T, Burgos JM, Rodriguero M, Cardinal MV, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes in different geographical regions and transmission cycles based on a microsatellite motif of the intergenic spacer of spliced-leader genes. Int J Parasitol. 2010;40:1599-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.06.006
Yeo M, Acosta N, Llewellyn M, Sánchez H, Adamson S, Miles GA, et al. Origins of Chagas disease: Didelphis species are natural hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi I and armadillos hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi II, including hybrids. Int J Parasitol. 2005;35:225-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.10.024
Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Carranza JC, Herrera C, Urrea DA, Falla A, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi population variability in Colombia: Possible co-evolution in different vector species. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2009;42(Supl.II):27-34.
Wiesenberger SJ, Barnabé C, Campbell DA, Sturm NR. Two hybridization events define the population structure of Trypanosoma cruzi. Genetics. 2005;171:527-43. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.104.038745
García ES, Genta FA, Azambuja P, Schaub GA. Interactions between intestinal compounds of triatomines and Trypanosoma cruzi. Trends Parasitol. 2010;20:499-505.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2010.07.003
Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Schaub GA. Triatominae-Trypanosoma cruzi-T. rangeli: Vector-parasite interactions. Acta Trop. 2009;110:137-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.10.001
Castro DP, Moraes CS, González MS, Ratcliffe NA, Azambuja P, García ES. Trypanosoma cruzi immune response modulation decreases microbiota in Rhodnius prolixus gut and is crucial for parasite survival and development. PLoS One. 2012;7:e36591. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036591
Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades Dr. Daniel Olaechea. Boletín epidemiológico. Semana epidemiológica 52 de 2014. Fecha de consulta: 15 de enero de 2015. Disponible en: http://www.dge.gob.pe/portal/docs/vigilancia/boletines/2014/52.pdf
Alroy KA, Huang C, Gilman RH, Quispe-Machaca VR, Marks MA, Ancca-Juárez J, et al. Prevalence and transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in people of rural communities of the high jungle of northern Perú. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0003779. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003779
Chávez J. Contribución al estudio de los triatominos del Perú: distribución geográfica, nomenclatura y notas taxonómicas. An Fac Med Lima. 2006;67:65-76.
Elliot A, Cáceres I, Guillén Z, Nakashima I. Identificación de los chinches triatominos (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) conocidos del Perú. Rev Per Ent. 1988;31:18-20.
Guillén Z, Cáceres I, Elliot A, Ramírez J. Triatominos del norte peruano y su importancia como vectores de Trypanosoma spp. Rev Per Ent. 1989;31:25-30.
Cáceres GA, Troyes L, Gonzáles-Pérez A, Llontop E, Bonilla C, Murias E, et al. Enfermedad de Chagas en la región nororiental del Perú. I. Triatominos (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) presentes en Cajamarca y Amazonas. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Pública. 2002;19:17-23.
Cuba CA, Abad-Franch F, Roldán J, Vargas F, Pollack L, Miles MA. The triatomines of northern Perú, with emphasis on the ecology and infection by trypanosomes of Rhodnius ecuadoriensis (Triatominae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2002;97:175-183. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762002000200005
Vega S, Mendoza A, Cabrera R, Cáceres GA, Campos E, Ancca J, et al. Primer caso de enfermedad de Chagas aguda en la Selva Central del Perú: investigación de colaterales, vectores y reservorios. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Pública. 2006;23:288-92.
Macedo AM, Oliveira RP, Pena SD. Chagas disease: Role of parasite genetic variation in pathogenesis. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2002;4:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1462399402004118
Lent H, Wygodzinsky P. Revision of the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), and their significance as vectors of Chagas disease. Bull Am Mus Nat His.1979;163:123-520.
Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Chiari E, Macedo AM. Speciesspecific detection of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli in vector and mammalian hosts by polymerase chain reaction amplification of kinetoplast minicircle DNA. Acta Trop. 1999;72:203-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-706X(98)00085-0
Brisse S, Verhoef J, Tibayrenc M. Characterisation of large and small subunit rRNA and mini-exon genes further supports the distinction of six Trypanosoma cruzi lineages. Int J Parasitol. 2001;31:1218-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00238-7
Souto RP, Fernandes O, Macedo AM, Campbell DA, Zingales B. DNA markers define two major phylogenetic lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1996;83:141-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-6851(96)02755-7
Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Carranza JC, Lozano LE, Sánchez JL, Jaramillo JC, et al. KDNA markers define two major Trypanosoma rangeli lineages in Latin-America. Acta Tropica. 2002;81:77-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-706X(01)00186-3
Maia Da Silva F, Junqueira AC, Campaner M, Rodrigues AC, Crisante G, Ramirez LE, et al. Comparative phylogeography of Trypanosoma rangeli and Rhodnius (Hemiptera:
Reduviidae) supports a long coexistence of parasite lineages and their sympatric vectors. Mol Ecol. 2007;16:3361-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03371.x
Maia da Silva F, Marcili A, Lima L, Cavazzana M Jr, Ortiz PA, Campaner M, et al. Trypanosoma rangeli isolates of bats from Central Brazil: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis enable description of a new lineage using splicedleader gene sequences. Acta Trop. 2009;109:199-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.11.005
Cuba CA, Vallejo GA, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. Triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) prevalent in the northwest of Perú: Species with epidemiological vectorial capacity. Parasitol Latinoam. 2007;62:154-64. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-77122007000200009
Urrea DA, Carranza JC, Cuba-Cuba CA, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Guhl F, Schofield CJ, et al. Molecular characterisation of Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from Rhodnius ecuadoriensis in Perú, R. colombiensis in Colombia and R. pallescens in Panamá, supports a coevolutionary association between parasites and vectors. Infect Genet Evol. 2005;5:123-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2004.07.005
Urrea DA, Herrera CP, Falla A, Carranza JC, Cuba-Cuba C, Triana-Chávez O, et al. Sequence analysis of the splicedleader intergenic region (SL-IR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from Rhodnius ecuadoriensis, R. colombiensis, R. pallescens and R. prolixus suggests a degree of co-evolution between parasites and vectors. Acta Trop. 2011;120:59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.05.016
Ocaña-Mayorga S, Aguirre-Villacis F, Pinto C, Vallejo GA, Grijalva M. High prevalence and low genetic diversity of Trypanosoma rangeli in sylvatic R. ecuadoriensis and mammal hosts. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2015;15:732-42. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2015.1794
Vallejo GA, Suárez Y, Olaya JL, Gutiérrez SA, Carranza JC. Trypanosoma rangeli: un protozoo infectivo y no patógeno para el humano que contribuye al entendimiento de la transmisión vectorial y la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi, agente causal de la enfermedad de Chagas. Rev Acad Colomb Cienc Ex Fis Nat. 2015;39:111-22.
Ancca J, Vega S, Pinto J, Naquira C. Caracterización genética de Trypanosoma cruzi aislados de triatominos de áreas endémicas a la enfermedad de Chagas en el Perú. Rev Ibero Latinoam Parasitol. 2009;1:8-14.
Guhl F, Ramírez JD. Retrospective molecular integrated epidemiology of Chagas disease in Colombia. Infect Genet Evol. 2013;20:148-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2013.08.028
Brenière SF, Aliaga C, Waleckx E, Buitrago R, Salas R, Barnabé C, et al. Genetic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi DTUs in wild Triatoma infestans from Bolivia: Predominance of TcI. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001650
Carrasco HJ, Segovia M, Llewellyn MS, Morocoima A, Urdaneta-Morales S, Martínez C, et al. Geographical distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes in Venezuela. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1707. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001707
Bacigalupo A, Segovia V, García A, Botto-Mahan C, Ortiz S, Solari A, et al. Differential pattern of infection of sylvatic nymphs and domiciliary adults of Triatoma infestans with Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes in Chile. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87:473-80. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0237
de Lana M, da Silveira Pinto A, Barnabé C, Quesney V, Noël S, Tibayrenc M. Trypanosoma cruzi: Compared vectorial transmissibility of three major clonal genotypes by Triatoma infestans. Exp Parasitol. 1998;90:20-5. https://doi.org/10.1006/expr.1998.4304
Galuppo S, Bacigalupo A, García A, Ortiz S, Coronado X, Cattan PE, et al. Predominance of Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes in two reservoirs infected by sylvatic Triatoma infestans of an endemic area of Chile. Acta Trop. 2009;111:90-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.02.010
Monteiro WM, Magalhães LK, Santana Filho FS, Borborema M, Silveira H, Barbosa MD. Trypanosoma cruzi TcIII/Z3 genotype as agent of an outbreak of Chagas disease in the Brazilian Western Amazonia. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15:1049-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02577
Monteiro WM, Teston AP, Gruendling AP, dos Reis D, Gomes ML, de Araújo SM, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi I and IV stocks from Brazilian Amazon are divergent in terms of biological and medical properties in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013.7: e2069. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002069
Calderón-Falero G. Chinches triatominos (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) de la región Grau, Perú. Rev Per Ent. 1996;38:19-22.
Guillén Z, Cáceres I, Elliot A. Los triatominos (Hemiptera, Reduviide) de la zona Centro del Perú. Rev Per Med Trop UNMSM. 1992;6:89-91.
Jara CA, Escalante H, Roldán J, Díaz-Lima E. Distribución y frecuencia de infección por Trypanosoma cruzi de triatominos y Ovis aries en el Valle de Chamán, La Libertad, Perú. Sciendo. 1998;1:23-31.
Llanos B. Hallazgo en el Perú de Rhodnius ecuadoriensis Lent & León, 1958, naturalmente infectado por Trypanosoma cruzi. Nota preliminar. Arch Per Pat Clin. 1961;15:133-40.
Cuba-Cuba AC, Vargas F, Roldán J, Ampuero C. Domestic Rhodnius ecuadoriensis (Hemiptera, Reduviidad) infestation in Northern Perú: A comparative trial of detection methods during a six-month follow-up. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2003;45:85-90. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652003000200006
Solís H, De Carvalho E, Ferreira C, Casanova C, Huamán A, Mendoza V. Contribución al estudio de la epidemiología de la enfermedad de Chagas en tres localidades de la zona Sur del Perú. An Fac Med Lima. 2003;64:223-7.
Villa LM, Guhl F, Zabala D, Ramírez JD, Urrea DA, Hernández DC, et al. The identification of two Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes from domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles in Colombia based on a single polymerase chain reaction amplification of the spliced-leader intergenic region. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2013;108:932-35. https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130201
León CM, Hernández C, Montilla M, Ramírez JD. Retrospective distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes in Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2015;110:387-93.
Some similar items:
- Noris García-Jordán, Mariolga Berrizbeitia, Juan Luis Concepción, Elis Aldana, Ana Cáceres, Wilfredo Quiñones, Entomological study of Trypanosoma cruzi vectors in the rural communities of Sucre state, Venezuela , Biomedica: Vol. 35 No. 2 (2015)
- Ángel Tito Alvarado, Ana María Muñoz, Berta Loja, Jessica Michiko Miyasato, Jorge Antonio García, Roberto Andrés Cerro, Luis Abel Quiñones, Nelson Miguel Varela, Study of the allelic variants CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 in samples of the Peruvian mestizo population , Biomedica: Vol. 39 No. 3 (2019)
- Lizbeth Díaz, Karen Covarrubias, Ángel Licón, Mixtli Astorga, Yaneth Moreno, José Alejandro Martínez, Biological parameters of Meccus phyllosomus phyllosomus (Burmeister), 1835, Triatoma recurva (Stål), 1868 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and their laboratory hybrids , Biomedica: Vol. 37 No. Sup. 2 (2017): Suplemento 2, Entomología médica, 2017
- Víctor Manuel Angulo, Lyda Esteban, Katherine Paola Luna, Attalea butyracea palms adjacent to housing as a source of infestation by Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) , Biomedica: Vol. 32 No. 2 (2012)
- Maritza Alarcón , Cesare Colasante, Sonia Araujo , Reinaldo Gutiérrez -Marín, Dalmiro Cazorla-Perfetti , Claudia Magaly Sandoval-Ramírez, Metacyclogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi in B. ferroae (Reduviidae: Triatominae) and feces infectivity under laboratory conditions , Biomedica: Vol. 41 No. 1 (2021)
- Cielo León, Mario Iván Ortiz, Catalina Tovar, Jorge Negrete, Ernesto Arroyo, Camila González, Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi strains circulating in Córdoba department (Colombia) isolated from triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) collected by the community , Biomedica: Vol. 39 No. 2 (2019)
- Juan Fernando Ríos, Margarita Arboleda, Alba Nelly Montoya, Erika Patricia Alarcón, Gabriel Jaime Parra-Henao, Probable outbreak of oral transmission of Chagas disease in Turbo, Antioquia , Biomedica: Vol. 31 No. 2 (2011)
- Omar Cantillo-Barraza, Andrés Gómez-Palacio, Diego Salazar, Ana María Mejía-Jaramillo, Jaime Calle, Omar Triana, Distribution and ecoepidemiology of the triatomine fauna (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Margarita Island, Bolívar, Colombia , Biomedica: Vol. 30 No. 3 (2010)
- María Clara Echeverry, Nubia Catalina Tovar, Guillermo Mora, Presence of antibodies to cardiac neuroreceptors in patients with Chagas disease , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 3 (2009)
- Concepción Judith Puerta, Johana María Guevara, Paula Ximena Pavía, Marleny Montilla, Rubén Santiago Nicholls, Edgar Parra, Yuli Katherine Barrera, Evaluation of TcH2AF-R and S35-S36 primers in PCR tests for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in mouse cardiac tissue , Biomedica: Vol. 28 No. 4 (2008)
Article metrics | |
---|---|
Abstract views | |
Galley vies | |
PDF Views | |
HTML views | |
Other views |