Prescription and indications for the use of fluoroquinolones in a group of outpatients in Colombia

Abstract

Introduction: There is evidence of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics for different pathologies.
Objective: To determine the prescription patterns and indications for the use of fluoroquinolones in a group of outpatients in Colombia.
Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive pharmaco-epidemiological study on prescription-indication using a population database where patients with outpatient
fluoroquinolone prescriptions were included from May to October, 2018. We obtained the information on sociodemographic, pharmacological, and clinical variables, as well as on the diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases, version 10, and we established if the use was approved by the regulatory agencies or if it was off-label.
Results: A total of 23,373 patients were identified who were using fluoroquinolones; their mean age was 47.9 ± 18.1 years and women predominated (n=15,767, 67.5%). Ciprofloxacin was the medication most commonly prescribed (n=19,328, 82.7%), followed by norfloxacin (n=3076, 13.2%), levofloxacin (n=573, 2.5%), and moxifloxacin (n=394; 1.7%). The main indications were urinary tract infection in unspecified site (n=10,777, 46.1%), diarrhea and gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin (n=3077, 13.2%), and acute cystitis (n=956; 4.2%). The prescriptions followed approved indications in 76% (n=17,759) of cases while the rest were used off-label or without indication for nasopharyngitis or soft-tissue infections, for example. Being male (OR=1.26, 95%CI:1.18-1.34) and under 35 years of age (OR=1.92, 95%CI:1.48-1.50) were associated with a greater probability of using fluoroquinolones in unapproved indications.
Conclusions: Fluoroquinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, are being prescribed especially to women with urinary tract infections, but up to a quarter of the patients received them for unapproved indications by regulatory agencies.