Lipid and apoprotein A-I and B-100 levels in school children school from five central-eastern provinces of Colombia
Keywords:
cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B-100, child, adolescent
Abstract
Introduction. Lipid and apolipoprotein are known to vary in children.These variations can be associated to physiologic changes or the environment; this last one probably induces future alterations in the lipids.Objetive. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and apoproteins AI and B-100 were compared in school children from five provinces of middle-eastern Colombia. Associations were made with age, gender, body mass index, fitness activity, and food preference.
Materials and methods. 741 blood samples were collected and biochemical determinations were undertaken with standard enzymatic, colorimetric, and inmunoturbidimetric methods. All values are presented as mean ± SE, comparisons among groups were made using Student´s t test, ANOVA and Scheffe.
Results. Lipid variation was observed in the school children, however in contrast, the concentrations of Apoproteins ApoB-100 and ApoA-I tended to be constant. The lipid fluctuations showed some relationship with changes in age and gender, however, changes were also observed that indicate a possible relationship with sexual maturation, diet and fitness activity. An important finding was that the HDL cholesterol value was lower that reported from other countries, while the triglycerides was higher and this may indicate a future increased risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion. Fluctuations occur in the lipid levels and vary with age and gender. Associations with other factors may be present; however, more research is necessary to determinate the contribution of each factor. A promotion campaign among school-age children for a healthier life style may contribute to a decrease in future risk for cardiovascular diseases associated with low HDL-cholesterol levels and higher triglycerides.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Casanueva V, Milos C, Lopetegui B, Chiang MT, Cid X. Influencia de la etnia y el ambiente sobre el perfil lipídico en escolares de la VIII región. Rev Méd Chile. 1994;122:496-502.
2. Chen TJ, Ji CY, Pang ZC, Wang SJ, Hu YH, Qin Y. Heritability of serum lipids and lipoproteins and its related factors in twins aged 5 to 19 years of China. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2004;38:237-9.
3. Bellu R, Ortisi MT, Scaglioni S, Agostoni C, Salanitri VS, Riva E, et al. Lipid and apoprotein A-I and B levels in obese school-age children: results of a study in the Milan area. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1993;16:446-50.
4. González-Requejo A, Sánchez-Bayle M, Baeza J, Arnaiz P, Vila S, Asensio J, et al. Relations between nutrient intake and serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels. J Pediatr. 1995;127:53-7.
5. Frerichs RR, Webber LS, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Relation of serum lipids and lipoproteins to obesity and sexual maturity in white and black children. Am J Epidemiol. 1978;108:486-96.
6. Berenson GS, Foster TA, Frank GC, Frerichs RR, Srinivasan SR, Voors AW, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factor variables at the preschool age. The Bogalusa heart study. Circulation. 1978;57:603-12.
7. Berenson GS, Blonde CV, Farris RP, Foster TA, Frank GC, Srinivasan SR, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factor variables during the first year of life. Am J Dis Child. 1979;133:1049-57.
8. Frerichs RR, Srinivasan SR, Webber LS, Berenson GR. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in 3446 children from a biracial community: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Circulation. 1976;54:302-9.
9. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Cresanta JL, Foster TA, Webber LS. Dynamic changes of serum lipoproteins in children during adolescence and sexual maturation. Am J Epidemiol. 1981;113:157-70.
10. Rainwater DL, Mitchell BD, Comuzzie AG, Haffner SM. Relationship of low-density lipoprotein particle size and measures of adiposity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23:180-9.
11. Rodríguez C, Pablos-Méndez A, Palmas W, Lantigua R, Mayeux R, Berglund L. Comparison of modifiable determinants of lipids and lipoprotein levels among African-Americans, Hispanics, and Non-Hispanic Caucasians > or =65 years of age living in New York City. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89:178-83.
12. Chu NF, Rimm EB, Wang DJ, Liou HS, Shieh SM. Relationship between anthropometric variables and lipid levels among school children: The Taipei Children Heart Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998;22:66-72.
13. Rask-Nissila L, Jokinen E, Ronnemaa T, Viikari J, Tammi A, Niinikoski H, et al. Prospective, randomized, infancy-onset trial of the effects of a low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins before school age: The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Circulation. 2000;102:1477-83
14. Chueca S, Nasarre M, García L, Aznar M, Almarza L, Sánchez B. Lipoprotein profile determinants in children and adolescents from a lipid consultation clinic. The impact of diet, body composition and physical activity. An Esp Pediatr. 1997;47:357-62.
15. Reilly SL, Kottke BA, Sing CI. The effects of generation and gender on the joint distributions of lipid and apolipoprotein phenotypes in the population at large. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43:921-40.
16. Webber LS, Srinivasan SR, Wattigney WA, Berenson GS. Tracking of serum lipids and lipoproteins from childhood to aduthood. Am J Epidemiol .1991;133:884-99.
17. Uscátegui Peñuela RM, Álvarez Uribe MC, Laguado Salinas I, Soler Terranova W, Martínez Maluendas L, Arias Arteaga R, et al. Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños de 6 a 18 años de Medellín
(Colombia). An Esp Pediatr. 2003;58:411-7.
18. Eisenberg S, Levy RI. Lipoprotein metabolism. Adv Lipid Res. 1975;13:1-89.
19. Kim HJ, Kalkhoff RK. Changes in lipoprotein composition during the menstrual cycle. Metabolism. 1979;28:663-8.
20. Bachorik PS, Lovejoy KL, Carroll MD, Johnson CL. Apolipoprotein B and A-I distributions in the United State 1988-1991: Results of the national health and nutrition examination survey III (NHANES III). Clin Chem. 1997;43:2364-78.
21. Brotons C, Ribera A, Perich RM, Abrodos D, Magana P, Pablo S, et al. Worldwide distribution of blood lipids and lipoproteins in childhood and adolescence: a review study. Atherosclerosis. 1998;139:1-9
22. Lucas D, Greaves D. Atheroesclerosis: role of chemokines and macrophages. Exp Rev Med. 2001;3:1-18.
23. Ministerio de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Organización Panamericana de Salud. Situación de salud en Colombia. Indicadores básicos. Bogotá D.C.: Ministerio de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Organización Panamericana de Salud; 2002.
24. González M, De la Hoz F. Mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Colombia, 1990-1999. Inf Quinc Epidemiol Nac. 2002;14:209-36.
25. Martínez González J, Llorente Cortés V, Badimon L. Biología celular y molecular de las lesiones ateroescleróticas. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2001;54:218-31.
26. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, Newman WP 3rd, Tracy RE, Wattigney WA. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. N Engl J Med.
1998;338:1650-6.
27. Rosner B, Prineas R, Loggie J, Daniels SR. Percentiles for body mass index in U.S. children 5 to 17 years of age. J Pediatr. 1998;132:211-22.
28. Must A, Dallal GE, Dietz WH. Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:839-46.
29. Hernández-Valera Y, Henríquez PG, Arenas O, García Blanco M, Cardena Y. Índice de masa corporal P/T2. Valores para diagnóstico de desnutrición en niños venezolanos de 2 a 10 años de edad. XXV
Jornadas Nac Ped Puer 1986. En: Manual de crecimiento y desarrollo. Caracas: FUNDACREDESA; 1997.p.186.
30. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the separative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18:499-502.
31. Gracia B, de Plata C, Pradilla A, Leiva J. Factores de riesgo para enfermedades de mayor prevalencia en el Valle del Cauca útiles para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención. Colombia Médica. 2003;34:47-55.
32. Freedman DS, Srinivasan SR, Harsha DW, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Relation of body fat patterning to lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:930-9.
33. Morales MT, Sánchez M, Peláez M, Puente MJ, Ruiz C, Antón AJ. Valores del perfil lipídico y de los índices CT/C-HDL, C-LDL/C-HDL, Apo B/A e índice aterogénico, en niños de 6 años de Rivas-Vaciamadrid. An Esp Pediatr. 1998;49:140-4.
34. Aguilar D, Yánez C, Bina MR, Dilenque S, Peterson G, Tavella M. Lípidos y apolipoproteínas A-I y B séricos en escolares adventistas de la República Argentina. Acta Bioquim Clin Latinoam. 2003;37:5-12.
35. Mendoza S, Contreras G, , Fernández M, Nucete H, Morrison JA, et al. Lipids and lipoproteins in Venezuelan and American schoolchildren: within and crosscultural comparison. Pediatr Res. 1980;14:272-7.
36. Giuliano IC, Coutinho MS, Freitas SF, Pires MM, Zunino JN, Ribeiro RQ. Serum lipids in school kids and adolescents from Florianópolis, SC, Brazil-Healthy Floripa 2040 study. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2005;85:85-91.
37. Hickman TB, Briefel RR, Carroll MD, Rifkind BM, Cleeman JI, Maurer KR, et al. Distributions and trends of serum lipid levels among United States children and adolescents ages 4-19 years: data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Prev Med. 1998;27:879-90.
38. Takasaki Y. Serum lipids levels and factors affecting atherogenic index in Japanese children. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci. 2005;24:511-5.
39. Rosillo I, Pituelli N, Corbera M, Lioi S, Turco M, Arrigo M, et al. Perfil lipídico en niños y adolescentes de una población escolar. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2005;103:293-7
40. Tall AR. Plasma high density lipoproteins: metabolism and relationship to atherogenesis. J Clin Invest. 1990;86:379-84.
41. Castelli WP, Doyle JT, Gordon T, Hames CG, Hjortland MC, Hulley SB, et al. HDL cholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study. Circulation. 1989;55:767-72.
42. Gordon D, Basil R. High density lipoprotein. The clinical implications of recent studies. N Engl J Med. 1997;19:1311-5.
43. Miller NE, Thelle DS, Forde OH, Mjos OD. The Tromso heart study high density lipoprotein and coronary heart disease: a prospective case control study. Lancet. 1997;1:965-8.
44. Grillo L, Crispim S, Siebert A, Wippel A, Rossi A, de Campos I. Lipid profile and obesity in low income school children. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2005;8:75-81.
45. Bercedo A, González P, Muñoz P, Albajar M, Rodriguez J, Braga S, et al. Asociación entre el perfil lípidico y genotipo de la apoproteína E en niños españoles (8-15 años). An Esp Pediatr. 1998;49:120-4.
46. Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis, Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna y Liga de la Lucha contra la Hipertensión Arterial. Recomendaciones para la prevención primaria de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Clin Invest Arterioscl. 1994;6:62-102.
47. Pose A. ¿Qué significa factor de riesgo cardiovascular? Med Clin (Barc). 1993;101:58-9.
48. Utermann G. Apolipoproteins, quantitative lipoprotein traits and multifactorial hyperlipidaemia. Ciba Found Symp. 1987;130:52-69.
49. Rask-Nissila L, Jokinen E, Viikari J, Tammi A, Rönnemaa T, Marniemi J, et al. Impact of dietary intervention, sex, and apolipoprotein E phenotype on tracking of serum lipids and apolipoproteins in 1-to 5-year-old children. The special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22:492-8.
50. D'Angelo CP, Agüero A, Ghioldi M, Saco M, García R, Lorenzo J. Evaluación morfofuncional, psicosocial y de hábitos alimentarios de los alumnos de las escuelas públicas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Rev Asoc Med Argent. 2005;118:9-22.
51. McMurry MP, Cerqueira MT, Connor SL, Connor WE. Changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels and body weight in Tarahumara Indians after consumption of an affluent diet. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1704-8.
52. Molero-Conejo E, Morales LM, Fernández V, Raleigh X, Gómez ME, Semprún-Fereira M, et al. Lean adolescents with increased risk for metabolic syndrome. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2003;53:39-46.
53. Yoshioka M, Doucet E, St-Pierre S, Alméras N, Richard D, Labrie A, et al. Impact of high-intensity exercise on energy expenditure, lipid oxidation and body fatness. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25,332-9.
54. Dionne I, Almeras N, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. The association between vigorous physical activities and fat deposition in male adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:392-5.
55. Seki M, Niyama F, Seki M, Pereira J, Seki M, Bonametti A, et al. Perfil lipídico: intervalos de referência em escolares de 2 a 9 anos de idade da cidade de Maracaí (SP) / Lipid profile: normal range values in school children from two to nine years old from the city of Maracaí, SP, Brazil. J Bras Patol Med Lab. 2003;39:131-7.
2. Chen TJ, Ji CY, Pang ZC, Wang SJ, Hu YH, Qin Y. Heritability of serum lipids and lipoproteins and its related factors in twins aged 5 to 19 years of China. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2004;38:237-9.
3. Bellu R, Ortisi MT, Scaglioni S, Agostoni C, Salanitri VS, Riva E, et al. Lipid and apoprotein A-I and B levels in obese school-age children: results of a study in the Milan area. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1993;16:446-50.
4. González-Requejo A, Sánchez-Bayle M, Baeza J, Arnaiz P, Vila S, Asensio J, et al. Relations between nutrient intake and serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels. J Pediatr. 1995;127:53-7.
5. Frerichs RR, Webber LS, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Relation of serum lipids and lipoproteins to obesity and sexual maturity in white and black children. Am J Epidemiol. 1978;108:486-96.
6. Berenson GS, Foster TA, Frank GC, Frerichs RR, Srinivasan SR, Voors AW, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factor variables at the preschool age. The Bogalusa heart study. Circulation. 1978;57:603-12.
7. Berenson GS, Blonde CV, Farris RP, Foster TA, Frank GC, Srinivasan SR, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factor variables during the first year of life. Am J Dis Child. 1979;133:1049-57.
8. Frerichs RR, Srinivasan SR, Webber LS, Berenson GR. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in 3446 children from a biracial community: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Circulation. 1976;54:302-9.
9. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Cresanta JL, Foster TA, Webber LS. Dynamic changes of serum lipoproteins in children during adolescence and sexual maturation. Am J Epidemiol. 1981;113:157-70.
10. Rainwater DL, Mitchell BD, Comuzzie AG, Haffner SM. Relationship of low-density lipoprotein particle size and measures of adiposity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23:180-9.
11. Rodríguez C, Pablos-Méndez A, Palmas W, Lantigua R, Mayeux R, Berglund L. Comparison of modifiable determinants of lipids and lipoprotein levels among African-Americans, Hispanics, and Non-Hispanic Caucasians > or =65 years of age living in New York City. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89:178-83.
12. Chu NF, Rimm EB, Wang DJ, Liou HS, Shieh SM. Relationship between anthropometric variables and lipid levels among school children: The Taipei Children Heart Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998;22:66-72.
13. Rask-Nissila L, Jokinen E, Ronnemaa T, Viikari J, Tammi A, Niinikoski H, et al. Prospective, randomized, infancy-onset trial of the effects of a low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins before school age: The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Circulation. 2000;102:1477-83
14. Chueca S, Nasarre M, García L, Aznar M, Almarza L, Sánchez B. Lipoprotein profile determinants in children and adolescents from a lipid consultation clinic. The impact of diet, body composition and physical activity. An Esp Pediatr. 1997;47:357-62.
15. Reilly SL, Kottke BA, Sing CI. The effects of generation and gender on the joint distributions of lipid and apolipoprotein phenotypes in the population at large. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43:921-40.
16. Webber LS, Srinivasan SR, Wattigney WA, Berenson GS. Tracking of serum lipids and lipoproteins from childhood to aduthood. Am J Epidemiol .1991;133:884-99.
17. Uscátegui Peñuela RM, Álvarez Uribe MC, Laguado Salinas I, Soler Terranova W, Martínez Maluendas L, Arias Arteaga R, et al. Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños de 6 a 18 años de Medellín
(Colombia). An Esp Pediatr. 2003;58:411-7.
18. Eisenberg S, Levy RI. Lipoprotein metabolism. Adv Lipid Res. 1975;13:1-89.
19. Kim HJ, Kalkhoff RK. Changes in lipoprotein composition during the menstrual cycle. Metabolism. 1979;28:663-8.
20. Bachorik PS, Lovejoy KL, Carroll MD, Johnson CL. Apolipoprotein B and A-I distributions in the United State 1988-1991: Results of the national health and nutrition examination survey III (NHANES III). Clin Chem. 1997;43:2364-78.
21. Brotons C, Ribera A, Perich RM, Abrodos D, Magana P, Pablo S, et al. Worldwide distribution of blood lipids and lipoproteins in childhood and adolescence: a review study. Atherosclerosis. 1998;139:1-9
22. Lucas D, Greaves D. Atheroesclerosis: role of chemokines and macrophages. Exp Rev Med. 2001;3:1-18.
23. Ministerio de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Organización Panamericana de Salud. Situación de salud en Colombia. Indicadores básicos. Bogotá D.C.: Ministerio de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Organización Panamericana de Salud; 2002.
24. González M, De la Hoz F. Mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Colombia, 1990-1999. Inf Quinc Epidemiol Nac. 2002;14:209-36.
25. Martínez González J, Llorente Cortés V, Badimon L. Biología celular y molecular de las lesiones ateroescleróticas. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2001;54:218-31.
26. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, Newman WP 3rd, Tracy RE, Wattigney WA. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. N Engl J Med.
1998;338:1650-6.
27. Rosner B, Prineas R, Loggie J, Daniels SR. Percentiles for body mass index in U.S. children 5 to 17 years of age. J Pediatr. 1998;132:211-22.
28. Must A, Dallal GE, Dietz WH. Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:839-46.
29. Hernández-Valera Y, Henríquez PG, Arenas O, García Blanco M, Cardena Y. Índice de masa corporal P/T2. Valores para diagnóstico de desnutrición en niños venezolanos de 2 a 10 años de edad. XXV
Jornadas Nac Ped Puer 1986. En: Manual de crecimiento y desarrollo. Caracas: FUNDACREDESA; 1997.p.186.
30. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the separative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18:499-502.
31. Gracia B, de Plata C, Pradilla A, Leiva J. Factores de riesgo para enfermedades de mayor prevalencia en el Valle del Cauca útiles para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención. Colombia Médica. 2003;34:47-55.
32. Freedman DS, Srinivasan SR, Harsha DW, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Relation of body fat patterning to lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:930-9.
33. Morales MT, Sánchez M, Peláez M, Puente MJ, Ruiz C, Antón AJ. Valores del perfil lipídico y de los índices CT/C-HDL, C-LDL/C-HDL, Apo B/A e índice aterogénico, en niños de 6 años de Rivas-Vaciamadrid. An Esp Pediatr. 1998;49:140-4.
34. Aguilar D, Yánez C, Bina MR, Dilenque S, Peterson G, Tavella M. Lípidos y apolipoproteínas A-I y B séricos en escolares adventistas de la República Argentina. Acta Bioquim Clin Latinoam. 2003;37:5-12.
35. Mendoza S, Contreras G, , Fernández M, Nucete H, Morrison JA, et al. Lipids and lipoproteins in Venezuelan and American schoolchildren: within and crosscultural comparison. Pediatr Res. 1980;14:272-7.
36. Giuliano IC, Coutinho MS, Freitas SF, Pires MM, Zunino JN, Ribeiro RQ. Serum lipids in school kids and adolescents from Florianópolis, SC, Brazil-Healthy Floripa 2040 study. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2005;85:85-91.
37. Hickman TB, Briefel RR, Carroll MD, Rifkind BM, Cleeman JI, Maurer KR, et al. Distributions and trends of serum lipid levels among United States children and adolescents ages 4-19 years: data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Prev Med. 1998;27:879-90.
38. Takasaki Y. Serum lipids levels and factors affecting atherogenic index in Japanese children. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci. 2005;24:511-5.
39. Rosillo I, Pituelli N, Corbera M, Lioi S, Turco M, Arrigo M, et al. Perfil lipídico en niños y adolescentes de una población escolar. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2005;103:293-7
40. Tall AR. Plasma high density lipoproteins: metabolism and relationship to atherogenesis. J Clin Invest. 1990;86:379-84.
41. Castelli WP, Doyle JT, Gordon T, Hames CG, Hjortland MC, Hulley SB, et al. HDL cholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study. Circulation. 1989;55:767-72.
42. Gordon D, Basil R. High density lipoprotein. The clinical implications of recent studies. N Engl J Med. 1997;19:1311-5.
43. Miller NE, Thelle DS, Forde OH, Mjos OD. The Tromso heart study high density lipoprotein and coronary heart disease: a prospective case control study. Lancet. 1997;1:965-8.
44. Grillo L, Crispim S, Siebert A, Wippel A, Rossi A, de Campos I. Lipid profile and obesity in low income school children. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2005;8:75-81.
45. Bercedo A, González P, Muñoz P, Albajar M, Rodriguez J, Braga S, et al. Asociación entre el perfil lípidico y genotipo de la apoproteína E en niños españoles (8-15 años). An Esp Pediatr. 1998;49:120-4.
46. Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis, Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna y Liga de la Lucha contra la Hipertensión Arterial. Recomendaciones para la prevención primaria de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Clin Invest Arterioscl. 1994;6:62-102.
47. Pose A. ¿Qué significa factor de riesgo cardiovascular? Med Clin (Barc). 1993;101:58-9.
48. Utermann G. Apolipoproteins, quantitative lipoprotein traits and multifactorial hyperlipidaemia. Ciba Found Symp. 1987;130:52-69.
49. Rask-Nissila L, Jokinen E, Viikari J, Tammi A, Rönnemaa T, Marniemi J, et al. Impact of dietary intervention, sex, and apolipoprotein E phenotype on tracking of serum lipids and apolipoproteins in 1-to 5-year-old children. The special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22:492-8.
50. D'Angelo CP, Agüero A, Ghioldi M, Saco M, García R, Lorenzo J. Evaluación morfofuncional, psicosocial y de hábitos alimentarios de los alumnos de las escuelas públicas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Rev Asoc Med Argent. 2005;118:9-22.
51. McMurry MP, Cerqueira MT, Connor SL, Connor WE. Changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels and body weight in Tarahumara Indians after consumption of an affluent diet. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1704-8.
52. Molero-Conejo E, Morales LM, Fernández V, Raleigh X, Gómez ME, Semprún-Fereira M, et al. Lean adolescents with increased risk for metabolic syndrome. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2003;53:39-46.
53. Yoshioka M, Doucet E, St-Pierre S, Alméras N, Richard D, Labrie A, et al. Impact of high-intensity exercise on energy expenditure, lipid oxidation and body fatness. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25,332-9.
54. Dionne I, Almeras N, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. The association between vigorous physical activities and fat deposition in male adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:392-5.
55. Seki M, Niyama F, Seki M, Pereira J, Seki M, Bonametti A, et al. Perfil lipídico: intervalos de referência em escolares de 2 a 9 anos de idade da cidade de Maracaí (SP) / Lipid profile: normal range values in school children from two to nine years old from the city of Maracaí, SP, Brazil. J Bras Patol Med Lab. 2003;39:131-7.
How to Cite
1.
Poveda E, Callas N, Baracaldo C, Castillo C, Hernández P, Guerra M. Lipid and apoprotein A-I and B-100 levels in school children school from five central-eastern provinces of Colombia. biomedica [Internet]. 2007 Sep. 1 [cited 2024 May 17];27(3):385-99. Available from: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/201
Some similar items:
- Nelsy Loango, Martha Lucía Gallego, Beatriz Restrepo, Patricia Landázuri, Gender, age and plasma lipids differences associated with apolipoprotein E polymorphism in school children , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 3 (2009)
- Ney Callas, Elpidia Poveda, César Baracaldo, Patricia Hernández, Carlina Castillo, Martha Guerra, Genetic polymorphism of the E apolipoprotein in school age children: comparison with levels of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins , Biomedica: Vol. 27 No. 4 (2007)
- José Guillermo Ortega-Ávila, Mildrey Mosquera, Isabella Echeverry-Jiménez, Lorena Jiménez-Bastidas, Milton Fabián Suárez-Ortegón, Alberto Pradilla, Luis Eduardo Bravo, Cecilia Aguilar-de Plata, Early atherosclerotic lesions and post-mortem serum cholesterol level in a group of Colombian children , Biomedica: Vol. 33 No. 3 (2013)
- Judith Sofía García , María Paula Sarmiento , Jesús David Bello , Nora Alejandra Zuluaga, Adriana Carolina Forero , Laura Fernanda Niño , Hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents: Experience in a university hospital in Colombia , Biomedica: Vol. 42 No. 2 (2022)
- Andrés Leonardo González, Ruth Aralí Martínez, Luis Ángel Villar, Clinical evolution of dengue in hospitalized patients , Biomedica: Vol. 28 No. 4 (2008)
- Ana Lucía Lópe, Juan David Vélez , Angélica María García , Elkin Fernando Arango, Concurrent validity of five prediction equations to evaluate fat percentage in a sports group expected to yield high performance from Medellín, Colombia , Biomedica: Vol. 41 No. 1 (2021)
- Elsa Villarreal, Yibby Forero, Elpidia Poveda, César Baracaldo, Elizabeth López, Cardiovascular risk markers in schoolchildren from five provinces of eastern Colombia , Biomedica: Vol. 28 No. 1 (2008)
- Sandra Piñeros-Ortiz, Jaime Moreno-Chaparro, Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela, Zulma Urrego-Mendoza, Daniel Samacá-Samacá, Javier Eslava-Schmalbach, Mental health consequences of armed conflicts in children and adolescents: An overview of literature reviews , Biomedica: Vol. 41 No. 3 (2021)
- Elpidia Poveda, Ney E. Callas, César M. Baracaldo, Carlina Castillo, Patricia Hernández, Leptin levels in school age children associated with anthropometric measurements and lipid profiles , Biomedica: Vol. 27 No. 4 (2007)
- Ana Cecilia Aguilar, Alberto Pradilla, Mildrey Mosquera, Ana Beatriz Gracia, José Guillermo Ortega, Jaime Humberto Leiva, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Percentile values for physical condition for Cali, Colombian children and adolescents , Biomedica: Vol. 31 No. 2 (2011)
Issue
Section
Original articles
| Article metrics | |
|---|---|
| Abstract views | |
| Galley vies | |
| PDF Views | |
| HTML views | |
| Other views | |
