Initial validation of the scale of perceived exertion (EPInfant) in Chilean children
Abstract
Introduction: Perceived exertion scales quantify the sensation caused by metabolic changes during exercise. Children need tailored tools due to their cognitive immaturity such as the EPInfant scale recently developed in Chile. Objective: To determine the validity and reliability of the EPInfant scale in children during a graded exercise test. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study for which we selected healthy children younger than 18 years and grouped them according to Piaget’s stages of cognitive maturity: Concrete operations (8-12 years) and formal intelligence (13-15 years). The Chester step test was used and heart rate, workload and perceived exertion were recorded during the test. Pearson r and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess validity and reliability, respectively. Results: 75 children were admitted, 35 (18 male) from the concrete operations group and 40 (20 male) from the formal intelligence group. In the four groups, heart rate and perceived exertion increased significantly with exercise intensity (p<0.0001). Perceived exertion was correlated with heart rate in both the concrete operation and the formal intelligence groups and in males and females (r=0.73, r=0.58,r=0.43, r=0.62, respectively; p<0.0001). Regression models were significant in all groups (p<0.0001). In the concrete operations group the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.88 (0.82-0.92) in men and 0.94 (0.91-0.96) in women. Conclusion: EPInfant scale was a reliable and valid instrument to measure perceived exertion during exercise in children with different levels of cognitive maturity, and it was reliable in the concrete operations group of children.
Downloads
References
Borg G. Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1970;2:92-8.
Smirmaul B de P. Sense of effort and other unpleasant sensations during exercise: Clarifying concepts and mechanisms. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46:308-11. http://dx. doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.071407
Marcora S. Perception of effort during exercise is independent of afferent feedback from skeletal muscles, heart, and lungs. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009;106:2060-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90378.2008
Dunbar CC, Robertson RJ, Baun R, Blandin MF, Metz K, Burdett R, et al. The validity of regulating exercise intensity by ratings of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992;24:94-9.
Buckley JP, Eston RG, Sim J. Ratings of perceived exertion in braille: Validity and reliability in production mode. Br J Sports Med. 2000;34:297-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.4.297
Hartshorn JE, Lamb KL. The reproducibility of perceptually regulated exercise responses during short-term cycle ergometry. Int J Sports Med. 2004;25:362-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-815840
Kang J, Chaloupka EC, Biren GB, Mastrangelo MA, Hoffman JR. Regulating intensity using perceived exertion: Effect of exercise duration. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;105:445-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0922-4
Groslambert A, Mahon AD. Perceived exertion: Influence of age and cognitive development. Sports Med. 2006;36: 911-28.
Williams JG, Eston R, Furlong B. CERT: A perceived exertion scale for young children. Percept Mot Skills. 1994;79:1451-8.
Eston RG, Lamb KL, Bain A, Williams AM, Williams JG. Validity of a perceived exertion scale for children: A pilot study. Percept Mot Skills. 1994;78:691-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.2.691
Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Boer NF, Peoples JA, Foreman AJ, Dabayebeh IM, et al. Children’s OMNI scale of perceived exertion: Mixed gender and race validation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:452-8.
Utter AC, Robertson RJ, Nieman DC, Kang J. Children’s OMNI scale of perceived exertion: Walking/running evalu-ation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34:139-44.
Roemmich JN, Barkley JE, Epstein LH, Lobarinas CL, White TM, Foster JH. Validity of PCERT and OMNI walk/run ratings of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38:1014-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss. 0000218123.81079.49
Barkley JE, Roemmich JN. Validity of the CALER and OMNI-bike ratings of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:760-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318161729b.
Pfeiffer KA, Pivarnik JM, Womack CJ, Reeves MJ, Malina RM. Reliability and validity of the Borg and OMNI rating of perceived exertion scales in adolescent girls. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34:2057-61.
Zenteno D, Puppo H, González R, Kogan R. Test de marcha de 6 minutos en pediatría. Neumol Pediatr. 2007;2:109-14.
Zenteno D, Puppo H, Vera R, Torres R, Kuo C-Y, Salinas P, et al. Guías de rehabilitación para niños con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas. Neumol Pediatr. 2007;3:25-33.
Rodríguez I, Henríquez S, Vásquez P, Zenteno D. Test de caminata de seis minutos y función pulmonar en pacientes con bronquiolitis obliterante post infecciosa. Rev Chil Enferm Respir. 2014;30:68-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-73482014000200002
Buckley JP, Sim J, Eston RG, Hession R, Fox R. Reliability and validity of measures taken during the Chester step test to predict aerobic power and to prescribe aerobic exercise. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38:197-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.005389
Karloh M, Correa KS, Martins LQ, Araújo CL, Matte DL, Mayer AF. Chester step test: Assessment of functional capacity and magnitude of cardiorespiratory response in patients with COPD and healthy subjects. Braz J Phys Ther. 2013;17:227-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552012005000087
de Camargo AA, Justino T, de Andrade CH, Malaguti C, Dal Corso S. Chester step test in patients with COPD: Reliability and correlation with pulmonary function test results. Respir Care. 2011;56:995-1001. http://dx.doi.org/10. 4187/respcare.01047
de Andrade CH, de Camargo AA, de Castro BP, Malaguti C, Dal Corso S. Comparison of cardiopulmonary responses during 2 incremental step tests in subjects with COPD. Respir Care. 2012;57:1920-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.01742
Andrade FA, Denadai BS. Validade das equações preditivas da frequência cardíaca máxima para crianças e adolescentes. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;97:136-40.
Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Andreacci JL, Dube JJ, Rutkowski JJ, Snee BM, et al. Validation of the children’s OMNI RPE scale for stepping exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37:290-8.
Yelling M, Lamb KL, Swaine I. Validity of a pictorial perceived exertion scale for effort estimation and effort production during stepping exercise in adolescent children. Eur Phys Educ Rev. 2002;8:157-75. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1177/1356336X020082007
Leung ML, Chung PK, Leung RW. An assessment of the validity and reliability of two perceived exertion rating scales among Hong Kong children. Percept Mot Skills. 2002;95:1047-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95. 3f.10
Some similar items:
- Germán Eduardo Rueda-Jaimes, Paul Anthony Camacho, José Fidel Latorre, Álvaro Andrés Navarro-Mancilla, Mauricio Escobar, Jorge Augusto Franco, Validity and reliability of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale on Colombians adolescent students , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 2 (2009)
- Carlos Alberto Velasco-Benítez, Claudia Jimena Ortiz-Rivera, Post-infectious functional gastrointestinal disorders in children after a non-severe dengue episode without warning signs , Biomedica: Vol. 39 No. Supl. 2 (2019): Enfermedades transmisibles en el trópico, agosto
- Oscar Fernando Herrán, María F. Ardila, Diana M. Barba, Test for assessing levels of alcohol consumption in Bucaramanga, Colombia: design and validation. , Biomedica: Vol. 28 No. 1 (2008)
- Carlos Arturo Cassiani-Miranda, María Camila Vargas-Hernández, Eduard Pérez-Anibal, Mariana Isabel Herazo-Bustos, Mauricio Hernández-Carrillo, Reliability and dimensionality of PHQ-9 in screening depression symptoms among health science students in Cartagena, 2014 , Biomedica: Vol. 37 No. Sup.1 (2017): Suplemento 1, Alteraciones del sistema nervioso
- Diana Marina Camargo, Stefany Santisteban, Erika Paredes, Mary Ann Flórez, Diego Alejandro Bueno, Reliability of a questionnaire for measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior in children from preschool to fourth grade , Biomedica: Vol. 35 No. 3 (2015)
- Alejandro Padilla-Guzmán, Olga L. Prado, David Ballesteros, Viviana Rivera, Yessica Bravo, Luisa Murillo , Sandra Narváez, Jessica M. Forero, A hospital management algorithm for acute poisoning by Paraquat® in a pediatric population, a series of cases , Biomedica: Vol. 44 No. 1 (2024)
- Nelsy Loango, Martha Lucía Gallego, Beatriz Restrepo, Patricia Landázuri, Gender, age and plasma lipids differences associated with apolipoprotein E polymorphism in school children , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 3 (2009)
- Andrés Leonardo González, Ruth Aralí Martínez, Luis Ángel Villar, Clinical evolution of dengue in hospitalized patients , Biomedica: Vol. 28 No. 4 (2008)
- Guillermo Sánchez, John Nova, Reliability and reproducibility of the Fitzpatrick phototype scale for skin sensitivity to ultraviolet light , Biomedica: Vol. 28 No. 4 (2008)
- Elpidia Poveda, Diana Giraldo, Yibby Forero, Carlos Mendivil, Self-reported physical activity in comparison with anthropometric body fat indicators in school children , Biomedica: Vol. 28 No. 3 (2008)
Article metrics | |
---|---|
Abstract views | |
Galley vies | |
PDF Views | |
HTML views | |
Other views |