The salivary glands of two sand fly vectors of Leishmania: Lutzomyia migonei (França) and Lutzomyia ovallesi (Ortiz) (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Keywords:
Lutzomyia, leishmaniasis, salivary proteins and peptides, saliva, Venezuela
Abstract
Introduction. Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the intradermal inoculation of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) promastigotes together with saliva during the bite of an infected sand fly.Objective. The salivary glands were compared from two vector species, Lutzomyia ovallesi (Ortiz,1952) and Lutzomyia migonei (França,1920) (Diptera: Psychodidae).
Material and methods. Protein profiles by SDS PAGE of salivary glands were compared among species as well as their development at several times post feeding. First, mice were immunized to salivary proteins by exposure to biting by L. ovallesi and of L. migonei. Antibodies in these mice against salivary gland-specific proteins were evaluated by immunoblotting.
Results. No apparent change was revealed in the kinetic expression of salivary proteins induced by the different physiological states post feeding. Qualitative and quantitative variations were detected in16-18 polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 6 to 180 kDa. Species-specific proteins were demonstrated for L. migonei and L. ovallesi. In addition, antibodies against salivary gland specific proteins were found in mice immunized by the saliva of both species.
Conclusion. Basic information was obtained concerning the nature of salivary gland proteins of L. migonei and L. ovallesi. This information helps to elucidate the role of salivary proteins and their potential as effective tools in screening risk factors in human and other vertebrate hosts.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Foster WA. Mosquito sugar feeding and reproductive energetics. Annu Rev Entomol. 1995;40:443-74.
2. Holiday-Hanson ML, Yuval B, Washino RK. Energetics and sugar-feeding of field-collected anopheline females. J Vector Ecol. 1997;22:83-9.
3. Charlab R, Valenzuela JG, Rowton ED, Ribeiro JM. Toward an understanding of the biochemical and pharmacological complexity of the saliva of a hemathophagous sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;96:15155-60.
4. Elnaiem DE, Meneses C, Slotman M, Lanzaro GC. Genetic variation in the sand fly salivary protein, SP-15, a potential vaccine candidate against Leishmania major. Insect Mol Biol. 2005;14:145-50.
5. Anderson JM, Oliveira F, Kamhawi S, Mans BJ, Reynoso D, Seitz AE, et al. Comparative salivary gland transcriptomics of sandfly vectors of visceral leishmaniasis. BMC Genomics. 2006;7:52.
6. Wahba M, Riera C. Salivary gland composition of some Old World vector sand fly. J Egypt Parasitol. 2006;36:289-96.
7. Prates DB, Santos LD, Miranda JC, Souza AP, Palma MS, Barral-Netto M, et al. Changes in amounts of total salivary glands proteins of Lutzomyia longipalpis Diptera: Psychodidae according to age and diet. J Med Entomol. 2008;43:409-13.
8. Ribeiro JM. Blood-feeding arthropods: live syringes or invertebrate pharmacologists? Infect Agents Dis. 1995;4:143-52.
9. Stark KR, James AA. Anticoagulants in vector arthropods. Parasitol Today. 1996;12:430-7.
10. Ghosh KN, Mukhopadhyay J. The effect of anti-sandfly saliva antibodies on Phlebotomus argentipes and Leishmania donovani. Int J Parasitol. 1998;28:275-81.
11. Belkaid Y, Kamhawi S, Modi G, Valenzuela J, Noben-Trauth N, Rowton ED, et al. Development of a natural model of cutaneous leishmaniasis: powerful effects of vector saliva and saliva preexposure on the long-term outcome of Leishmania major infection in the mouse ear dermis. J Exp Med. 1998;188:1941-53.
12. Belkaid Y, Valenzuela JG, Kamhawi S, Rownton E, Sacks DL, Ribeiro JM. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly bite: an adaptive response induced by the fly? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:6704-9.
13. Barral A, Honda E, Caldas A, Costa J, Vinhas V, Rowton ED, et al. Human immune response to sandfly salivary gland antigens: a useful epidemiological marker?. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;62:740-5.
14. Rohousova I, Ozensoy S, Ozbel Y, Volf P. Detection of species-specific antibody response of humans and mice bitten by sandflies. Parasitol. 2005;130:493-9.
15. Ribeiro JM. Role of saliva in blood-feeding by arthropods. Ann Rev Entomol. 1987;32:463-78.
16. Champagne DE. The role of salivary vasodilators in blood-feeding and parasite transmission. Parasitol Today. 1994;10:430-3.
17. Bowman AS, Dillwith JW, Saber JR. Tick salivary prostaglandins: presence, origin and significance. Parasitol Today. 1996;12:388-96.
18. Bowman, JD, Waddell D, Hanson BD. Biochemical mechanism of the antileishmanial activity of sodium stibogluconate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;27: 916-20.
19. Champagne DE, Valenzuela JG. Pharmacology of Haematophagous arthropod saliva. En: Wikel SK, editor. The immunology of host-ectoparasitic arthropod relationships. Wallingford, UK: CAB International; 1996. p. 107-30.
20. Wikel SK, Ramachandra RN, Bergman DK. Arthropod modulation of host inmune responses. En: Wikel SK, editor. The immunology of host-ectoparasitic arthropod relationships. Wallingford, UK: CAB International; 1996. p. 107-30.
21. Volf P, Tesarova P, Nohynkova E. Salivary proteins and glycoproteins in phlebotomine sandflies of various species, sex and age. Med Vet Entomol. 2000;14:251-6.
22. Volf P, Rohousova I. Species-specific antigens in salivary glands of phlebotomine sandflies. Parasitology. 2001; 122:37-41.
23. Gómez RB, Brodskyn C, De Oliveira CI, Costa J, Miranda JC, Caldas A, et al. Seroconversion against Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva concurrent with the development of anti-Leishmania chagasi delayed - type hypersensitivity. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:1530-4.
24. Nieves E, Pimenta PF. Development of Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the sand fly Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Med Entomol. 2000;37:134-40.
25. Nieves E, Pimenta PF. Influence of vertebrate blood meals on the development of Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the sand fly Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;37:640-7.
26. Nieves E, Dávila-Vera D, Palacios-Prü E. Daño ultraestructural del intestino medio abdominal de Lutzomyia ovallesi (Ortiz) (Diptera: Psychodidae) ocasionado por Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Parasitol Latinoam. 2004;59:115-22.
27. Noguera P, Rondón M, Nieves E. Caloric content of the sand fly Lutzomyia ovallesi (Diptera: Psychodidae) vector of Leishmania. Revista Colombiana de Entomología. 2006;32:57-60.
28. Bonfante-Garrido R, Urdaneta R, Urdaneta I, Alvarado J. Natural infection of Lutzomyia ovallesi (Diptera: Psychodidae) with Leishmaniasis in Duaca, Lara State, Venezuela. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1991;85:61.
29. Bonfante-Garrido R, Spinetti H, Cupillo E, Momen H, Grimaldi G. Lutzomyia ovallesi (Diptera: Psychodidae) as a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela. Parassitologia. 1991;33:99-104.
30. Feliciangeli MD. Vectors of leishmaniasis in Venezuela. Parassitologia. 1991;33:229-36.
31. Añez N, Nieves E, Cazorla D. Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mérida, Venezuela: III. Altitudinal distribution, age structure, natural infection and feeding behaviour of sandflies and their relation to the risk of transmission. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1994;88:279-87.
32. Nieves E, Villarreal N, Rondón M, Sánchez M, Carrero J. Factores de riesgo y evaluación de conocimiento sobre la leishmaniasis tegumentaria en un área endémica de Venezuela. Biomédica. 2008;28:347-56.
33. Killick-Kendrick R, Leaney AJ, Ready PD. The establishment, maintenance and productivity of laboratory colony of Lutzomyia Longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Med Entomol. 1977;13:429-40.
34. Lowry OH, Rosenbrough N, Farr A, Randall R. Protein measurement with the Folin Phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193:265-75.
35. Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970;227:680-5.
36. Towbin J, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1979;76:4350-4.
37. Wayne WD. Bioestadística base para el análisis de las Ciencias de la Salud. Cuarta edición. México: Limusa Wiley; 2002.
38. Ribeiro JM, Rossignol PA, Spielman A. Blood finding strategy of a capillary - feeding sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1986;83:683-6.
39. Cerná P, Mikes L, Volf P. Salivary gland hyaluronidase in various species of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Insect Biochem Biol. 2002;32:1691-7.
40. Salomón OD, Quintana MG, Bezzi G, Morán ML, Betbeder E, Valdéz DV. Lutzomyia migonei as putative vector of visceral leishmaniasis in La Banda, Argentina. Acta Trop. 2010;113:84-7.
41. Feliciangeli MD, Reyes RM, Limongi JE. Natural infection of Lutzomyia ovallesi (Diptera: Psychodidae) with parasites of the Leishmania braziliensis complex in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Venezuela. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1988;83:393-4.
42. Feliciangeli MD, Rodríguez N, Bravo A, Arias F, Guzmán B. Vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north-central Venezuela. Med Vet Entomol. 1994;5:317-24.
43. Moreira-Ferro CK, Marinnotti O, Bijovsky AT. Morphological and biochemical analyses of the salivary glands of the malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi. Tissue Cell. 1999;31:264-73.
44. Nascimento EP, Dos Santos Malafronte R, Marinnotti O. Salivary gland proteins of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2000;43:9 -15.
45. Cerná P, Mikes L, Volf P. Salivary gland hyaluronidase in various species of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Insect Biochem Biol. 2002;32:1691-7.
46. Kato H, Jochim RC, Lawyer PG, Valenzuela JG. Identification and characterization of a salivary adenosine deaminase from the sand fly Phlebotomus duboscqi, the vector of Leishmania major in subsaharan Africa. J Exp Biol. 2007;210:733-40.
47. Ribeiro JM, Rowton ED, Charlab R. Salivary amylase activity of the phlebotomine sand fly, Lutzomyia longipalpis. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2000;30:271-7.
48. Katz O, Waitumbi JN, Zer R, Warburg A. Adenosine, AMP, and protein phosphatase activity in sandfly saliva. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;62:145-50.
49. Jacobson RL, Schlein Y. Phlebotomus papatasi and Leishmania major parasites express α- amylase and α-glucosidase. Acta Trop. 2001;78:41-9.
50. Valenzuela JG, Belkaid Y, Rowton ED, Ribeiro JM. The salivary apyrase of the blood-sucking sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi belongs to the novel Cimex family of apyrases. J Exp Biol. 2001;204:229-37.
51. Valenzuela JG, Garfield M, Rowton ED, Pham VM. Identification of the most abundant secreted proteins from the salivary glands of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of Leishmania chagasi. J Exp Biol. 2004;207:3717-29.
52. Freire T, Robillo C, Casaravilla C, Álvarez DE, Medeiros AC, Carmona C, et al. Antígenos mucínicos de O -glicosilación simple: nuevas similitudes moleculares entre células cancerosas y parásitos. Actas Fisiol. 2002;8:89-107.
53. Morris RB, Shoemaker CB, David JR, Lanzaro GR, Titus RG. Sandfly Maxadilan exacerbates Infection with Leishmania major and vaccinating against it protects against L. major infection. J Immunol. 2001;167:5226-30.
2. Holiday-Hanson ML, Yuval B, Washino RK. Energetics and sugar-feeding of field-collected anopheline females. J Vector Ecol. 1997;22:83-9.
3. Charlab R, Valenzuela JG, Rowton ED, Ribeiro JM. Toward an understanding of the biochemical and pharmacological complexity of the saliva of a hemathophagous sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;96:15155-60.
4. Elnaiem DE, Meneses C, Slotman M, Lanzaro GC. Genetic variation in the sand fly salivary protein, SP-15, a potential vaccine candidate against Leishmania major. Insect Mol Biol. 2005;14:145-50.
5. Anderson JM, Oliveira F, Kamhawi S, Mans BJ, Reynoso D, Seitz AE, et al. Comparative salivary gland transcriptomics of sandfly vectors of visceral leishmaniasis. BMC Genomics. 2006;7:52.
6. Wahba M, Riera C. Salivary gland composition of some Old World vector sand fly. J Egypt Parasitol. 2006;36:289-96.
7. Prates DB, Santos LD, Miranda JC, Souza AP, Palma MS, Barral-Netto M, et al. Changes in amounts of total salivary glands proteins of Lutzomyia longipalpis Diptera: Psychodidae according to age and diet. J Med Entomol. 2008;43:409-13.
8. Ribeiro JM. Blood-feeding arthropods: live syringes or invertebrate pharmacologists? Infect Agents Dis. 1995;4:143-52.
9. Stark KR, James AA. Anticoagulants in vector arthropods. Parasitol Today. 1996;12:430-7.
10. Ghosh KN, Mukhopadhyay J. The effect of anti-sandfly saliva antibodies on Phlebotomus argentipes and Leishmania donovani. Int J Parasitol. 1998;28:275-81.
11. Belkaid Y, Kamhawi S, Modi G, Valenzuela J, Noben-Trauth N, Rowton ED, et al. Development of a natural model of cutaneous leishmaniasis: powerful effects of vector saliva and saliva preexposure on the long-term outcome of Leishmania major infection in the mouse ear dermis. J Exp Med. 1998;188:1941-53.
12. Belkaid Y, Valenzuela JG, Kamhawi S, Rownton E, Sacks DL, Ribeiro JM. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly bite: an adaptive response induced by the fly? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:6704-9.
13. Barral A, Honda E, Caldas A, Costa J, Vinhas V, Rowton ED, et al. Human immune response to sandfly salivary gland antigens: a useful epidemiological marker?. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;62:740-5.
14. Rohousova I, Ozensoy S, Ozbel Y, Volf P. Detection of species-specific antibody response of humans and mice bitten by sandflies. Parasitol. 2005;130:493-9.
15. Ribeiro JM. Role of saliva in blood-feeding by arthropods. Ann Rev Entomol. 1987;32:463-78.
16. Champagne DE. The role of salivary vasodilators in blood-feeding and parasite transmission. Parasitol Today. 1994;10:430-3.
17. Bowman AS, Dillwith JW, Saber JR. Tick salivary prostaglandins: presence, origin and significance. Parasitol Today. 1996;12:388-96.
18. Bowman, JD, Waddell D, Hanson BD. Biochemical mechanism of the antileishmanial activity of sodium stibogluconate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;27: 916-20.
19. Champagne DE, Valenzuela JG. Pharmacology of Haematophagous arthropod saliva. En: Wikel SK, editor. The immunology of host-ectoparasitic arthropod relationships. Wallingford, UK: CAB International; 1996. p. 107-30.
20. Wikel SK, Ramachandra RN, Bergman DK. Arthropod modulation of host inmune responses. En: Wikel SK, editor. The immunology of host-ectoparasitic arthropod relationships. Wallingford, UK: CAB International; 1996. p. 107-30.
21. Volf P, Tesarova P, Nohynkova E. Salivary proteins and glycoproteins in phlebotomine sandflies of various species, sex and age. Med Vet Entomol. 2000;14:251-6.
22. Volf P, Rohousova I. Species-specific antigens in salivary glands of phlebotomine sandflies. Parasitology. 2001; 122:37-41.
23. Gómez RB, Brodskyn C, De Oliveira CI, Costa J, Miranda JC, Caldas A, et al. Seroconversion against Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva concurrent with the development of anti-Leishmania chagasi delayed - type hypersensitivity. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:1530-4.
24. Nieves E, Pimenta PF. Development of Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the sand fly Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Med Entomol. 2000;37:134-40.
25. Nieves E, Pimenta PF. Influence of vertebrate blood meals on the development of Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the sand fly Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;37:640-7.
26. Nieves E, Dávila-Vera D, Palacios-Prü E. Daño ultraestructural del intestino medio abdominal de Lutzomyia ovallesi (Ortiz) (Diptera: Psychodidae) ocasionado por Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Parasitol Latinoam. 2004;59:115-22.
27. Noguera P, Rondón M, Nieves E. Caloric content of the sand fly Lutzomyia ovallesi (Diptera: Psychodidae) vector of Leishmania. Revista Colombiana de Entomología. 2006;32:57-60.
28. Bonfante-Garrido R, Urdaneta R, Urdaneta I, Alvarado J. Natural infection of Lutzomyia ovallesi (Diptera: Psychodidae) with Leishmaniasis in Duaca, Lara State, Venezuela. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1991;85:61.
29. Bonfante-Garrido R, Spinetti H, Cupillo E, Momen H, Grimaldi G. Lutzomyia ovallesi (Diptera: Psychodidae) as a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela. Parassitologia. 1991;33:99-104.
30. Feliciangeli MD. Vectors of leishmaniasis in Venezuela. Parassitologia. 1991;33:229-36.
31. Añez N, Nieves E, Cazorla D. Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mérida, Venezuela: III. Altitudinal distribution, age structure, natural infection and feeding behaviour of sandflies and their relation to the risk of transmission. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1994;88:279-87.
32. Nieves E, Villarreal N, Rondón M, Sánchez M, Carrero J. Factores de riesgo y evaluación de conocimiento sobre la leishmaniasis tegumentaria en un área endémica de Venezuela. Biomédica. 2008;28:347-56.
33. Killick-Kendrick R, Leaney AJ, Ready PD. The establishment, maintenance and productivity of laboratory colony of Lutzomyia Longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Med Entomol. 1977;13:429-40.
34. Lowry OH, Rosenbrough N, Farr A, Randall R. Protein measurement with the Folin Phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193:265-75.
35. Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970;227:680-5.
36. Towbin J, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1979;76:4350-4.
37. Wayne WD. Bioestadística base para el análisis de las Ciencias de la Salud. Cuarta edición. México: Limusa Wiley; 2002.
38. Ribeiro JM, Rossignol PA, Spielman A. Blood finding strategy of a capillary - feeding sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1986;83:683-6.
39. Cerná P, Mikes L, Volf P. Salivary gland hyaluronidase in various species of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Insect Biochem Biol. 2002;32:1691-7.
40. Salomón OD, Quintana MG, Bezzi G, Morán ML, Betbeder E, Valdéz DV. Lutzomyia migonei as putative vector of visceral leishmaniasis in La Banda, Argentina. Acta Trop. 2010;113:84-7.
41. Feliciangeli MD, Reyes RM, Limongi JE. Natural infection of Lutzomyia ovallesi (Diptera: Psychodidae) with parasites of the Leishmania braziliensis complex in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Venezuela. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1988;83:393-4.
42. Feliciangeli MD, Rodríguez N, Bravo A, Arias F, Guzmán B. Vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north-central Venezuela. Med Vet Entomol. 1994;5:317-24.
43. Moreira-Ferro CK, Marinnotti O, Bijovsky AT. Morphological and biochemical analyses of the salivary glands of the malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi. Tissue Cell. 1999;31:264-73.
44. Nascimento EP, Dos Santos Malafronte R, Marinnotti O. Salivary gland proteins of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2000;43:9 -15.
45. Cerná P, Mikes L, Volf P. Salivary gland hyaluronidase in various species of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Insect Biochem Biol. 2002;32:1691-7.
46. Kato H, Jochim RC, Lawyer PG, Valenzuela JG. Identification and characterization of a salivary adenosine deaminase from the sand fly Phlebotomus duboscqi, the vector of Leishmania major in subsaharan Africa. J Exp Biol. 2007;210:733-40.
47. Ribeiro JM, Rowton ED, Charlab R. Salivary amylase activity of the phlebotomine sand fly, Lutzomyia longipalpis. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2000;30:271-7.
48. Katz O, Waitumbi JN, Zer R, Warburg A. Adenosine, AMP, and protein phosphatase activity in sandfly saliva. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;62:145-50.
49. Jacobson RL, Schlein Y. Phlebotomus papatasi and Leishmania major parasites express α- amylase and α-glucosidase. Acta Trop. 2001;78:41-9.
50. Valenzuela JG, Belkaid Y, Rowton ED, Ribeiro JM. The salivary apyrase of the blood-sucking sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi belongs to the novel Cimex family of apyrases. J Exp Biol. 2001;204:229-37.
51. Valenzuela JG, Garfield M, Rowton ED, Pham VM. Identification of the most abundant secreted proteins from the salivary glands of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of Leishmania chagasi. J Exp Biol. 2004;207:3717-29.
52. Freire T, Robillo C, Casaravilla C, Álvarez DE, Medeiros AC, Carmona C, et al. Antígenos mucínicos de O -glicosilación simple: nuevas similitudes moleculares entre células cancerosas y parásitos. Actas Fisiol. 2002;8:89-107.
53. Morris RB, Shoemaker CB, David JR, Lanzaro GR, Titus RG. Sandfly Maxadilan exacerbates Infection with Leishmania major and vaccinating against it protects against L. major infection. J Immunol. 2001;167:5226-30.
How to Cite
1.
Nieves E, Buelvas N, Rondón M, González N. The salivary glands of two sand fly vectors of Leishmania: Lutzomyia migonei (França) and Lutzomyia ovallesi (Ortiz) (Diptera: Psychodidae). biomedica [Internet]. 2010 Sep. 30 [cited 2024 May 19];30(3):401-9. Available from: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/274
Some similar items:
- Olga Lucía Cabrera, Laureano Mosquera, Erika Santamaría, Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Guaviare Province, Colombia, with 4 new records for the country , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 1 (2009)
- Eduar Elías Bejarano, Diana Sierra, Iván Darío Vélez, New findings on the geographic distribution of the verrucarum group (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Colombia. , Biomedica: Vol. 23 No. 3 (2003)
- Guillermo Terán-Angel, Henk Schallig, Olga Zerpa, Vestalia Rodríguez, Marian Ulrich, Maira Cabrera, The direct agglutination test as an alternative method for the diagnosis of canine and human visceral leishmaniasis , Biomedica: Vol. 27 No. 3 (2007)
- Catalina Marceló, Olga Lucía Cabrera, Erika Santamaría, Discriminating concentrations for three insecticides used in public health, in Lutzomyia longipalpis experimental strain from Colombia , Biomedica: Vol. 34 No. 4 (2014)
- Eduar Elías Bejarano, Winston Rojas, Sandra Uribe, Iván Darío Vélez, Systematics of the Lutzomyia species of the verrucarum Theodor group, 1965 (Diptera: Psychodiadae). , Biomedica: Vol. 23 No. 1 (2003)
- María Angélica Contreras, Rafael José Vivero, Eduar Elías Bejarano, Lina María Carrillo, Iván Darío Vélez, New records of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) near the Amoya River in Chaparral, Tolima , Biomedica: Vol. 32 No. 2 (2012)
- Diego Fernando Zea, Martín Prager, Roger Adrian Figueroa, María Consuelo Miranda, Mucosal complication of cutaneous leishmaniasis , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 1 (2009)
- Silvia Martínez , Bárbara Ochoa , María Rafaela Pérez , Fátima Torrico , Ildemaro García , Carmen Cristina Garcia, Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms in adults over 60 years of age with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease in different Venezuelan populations , Biomedica: Vol. 42 No. Sp. 1 (2022): Mayo, Enfermedades crónicas en el trópico
- Jazzmin Arrivillaga, Jaime Rodríguez, Milagros Oviedo, Preliminary evaluation of maggot (Diptera: Calliphoridae) therapy as a potential treatment for leishmaniasis ulcers , Biomedica: Vol. 28 No. 2 (2008)
- Olga Serrano, Florencio Mendoza, Benny Suárez, Ana Soto, Seroepidemiology of Chagas disease in two rural populations in the municipality of Costa de Oro, at Aragua State, northern Venezuela , Biomedica: Vol. 28 No. 1 (2008)
Published
2010-09-30
Issue
Section
Original articles
| Article metrics | |
|---|---|
| Abstract views | |
| Galley vies | |
| PDF Views | |
| HTML views | |
| Other views | |
