Prevalence of infectious agents in indigenous women of childbearing age in Venezuela
Abstract
Introduction. The ToRCH syndrome includes the following infectious pathogens: Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus 1 and 2. In susceptible pregnant women, these pathogens can cause abortions and congenital malformation in the newborn babies.
Objective. The seroprevalence of infection by ToRCH agents was determined in women of childbearing age in several Venezuelan Yukpa indigenous communities.
Material and methods. In 2007, 109 samples were selected from 151 women with an age range of 14 to 40 years old. The determination of antibodies against ToRCH agents was carried out through the indirect enzyme immunoassay technique by ELISA’s technique of Smartest Diagnostics.
Results. Of the 109 samples, 85.5% presented antibodies against T. gondii, 95.4% for rubella, 75.2% for cytomegalovirus and 97.2% for and herpes simplex virus 1 and 2. A relationship between abortion and infection by cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 was noted in 21.1% and 30.2% of women presented, respectively.
Conclusions. The findings show a high prevalence of ToRCH agents in women in childbearing age in Yukpa indigenous communities in Venezuela. Poor sanitary conditions and consumption of water contaminated with oocysts may be an important way of transmission of T. gondii. Overcrowding in the communities, sexual activity at an early age and number of partners and may be related to the presence of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus HSV-1 and 2.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i4.749
Downloads
References
Franca CM, Mugayar LR. Intrauterine infections: A literature review. Spec Care Dentist. 2004;24:250-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.2004.tb01701.x
Ocak S, Zeteroglu S, Ozer C, Dolapcioglu K, Gungoren A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in southern Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39:231-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365540600978880
Abu-Madi MA, Behnke JM, Dabritz HA. Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and co-infection with TORCH pathogens in high-risk patients from Qatar. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;82:626-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0530
Alvarado-Esquivel C, Mercado-Suárez MF, Rodríguez-Briones A, Fallad-Torres L, Ayala-Ayala JO, Nevarez-Piedra LJ, et al. Seroepidemiology of infection withToxoplasma gondii in healthy blood donors of Durango, Mexico. BMC Infect Dis. 2007;7:75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-7-75
Bartolomé J, Martínez M, Moreno L, Lorente S, Crespo MD. Prevalence and incidence in Albacete, Spain, of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women of childbearing age: Differences between immigrant and non-immigrant (2001-2007). Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2008;82:333-42.
Jones JL, Dargelas V, Roberts J, Press C, Remington JS, Montoya JG. Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:878-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/605433
De Paschale M, Agrappi C, Clerici P, Mirri P, Manco MT, Cavallari S, et al. Seroprevalence and incidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the Legnano area of Italy. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14:186-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01883.x
Fernandes GC, Azevedo RS, Amaku M, Yu AL, Massad E. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma infection in a metropolitan region of Brazil. Epidemiol Infect. 2009;137:1809-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268809002799
Díaz-Suárez O, Parra AM, Araujo-Fernández M. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in a marginal community of the municipality of Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela. Invest Clin. 2001;42:107-21.
Chacín-Bonilla L, Sánchez-Chávez Y, Estévez J, Larreal I, Molero E. Prevalence of human toxoplasmosis in San Carlos Island, Venezuela. INCI. 2003;28:457-62.
Chacín-Bonilla L, Sánchez-Chávez Y, Monsalve F, Estévez J. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in amerindians from western Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001;65:131-5.
Aksakal FN, Maral I, Cirak MY, Aygun R. Rubella seroprevalence among women of childbearing age residing in a rural region: Is there a need for rubella vaccination in Turkey? Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007;60:157-60.
Domínguez A, Plans P, Espuñes J, Costa J, Torner N, Cardeñosa N, et al. Rubella immune status of indigenous and immigrant pregnant women in Catalonia, Spain. Eur J Public Health. 2007;17:560-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckm034
Pedranti MS, Adamo MP, Macedo R, Zapata MT. Prevalence of anti-rubella and anti-parvovirus B19 antibodies in pregnant women in the city of Córdoba, and in women of fertile age in the city of Villa Mercedes, province of San Luis. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2007;39:47-50.
Sanz JC, García L, Ramírez R, Ramos B, Ordobás M. Evolución del sarampión, rubéola y parotiditis desde la III Encuesta de Serovigilancia de la Comunidad de Madrid 1999-2000 (III ESVCM). Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2009;83:625-37.
Lin CC, Yang CY, Shih CT, Chen BH, Huang YL. Rubella seroepidemiology and catch-up immunization among pregnant women in Taiwan: Comparison between women born in Taiwan and immigrants from six countries in Asia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;82:40-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0302
Zapata L. Prevención y eliminación del síndrome de rubéola congénita. Rev Obstet Ginecol Venez. 2006;66:193-6.
De Ory F, Sanz JC, Castañeda R, Ramírez R, León P, Pachón del Amo I. Cytomegalovirus seroepidemiology in the community of Madrid. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2001;75:55-62.
Staras S, Dollard S, Radford K, Flanders W, Pass R, Cannon M. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the United States, 1988-1994. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:1152-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/508173
Adjei A, Armah H, Gbagbo F, Boamah I, Adu C, Asare I. Seroprevalence of HHV-8, CMV, and EBV among the general population in Ghana, West Africa. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-8-111
Cannon MJ, Schmid DS, Hyde TB. Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection. Rev Med Virol. 2010;20:202-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.655
Chacón MR, Naveda O, Castillo O, Flores ME, Casanova L, Castro L, et al. Prevalencia de anticuerpos anticitomegalovirus y anti-virus Epstein-Barr en Valencia, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela. Rev Soc Ven Microbiol. 2002;22:131-5.
Pebody RG, Andrews N, Brown D, Gopal R, De Melker H, François G, et al. The seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in Europe. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80:185-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.2003.005850
Haddow LJ, Sullivan EA, Taylor J, Abel M, Cunningham AL, Tabrizi S, et al. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections in women attending an antenatal clinic in the South Pacific island nation of Vanuatu. Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34:258-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.olq.0000237774. 29010.30
Monsalve F, Estévez J, Costa L, Salas M, Hernández M, Olaya J, et al. Seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in the Amerindian Yukpa population of Zulia state, Venezuela. Rev Med Chile. 2001;129:247-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872001000300002
Monsalve-Castillo F, Echevarría JM, Atencio R, Suárez A, Estévez J, Costa-León L, et al. High prevalence of hepatitis B infection in Amerindians in Japreira, Zulia State, Venezuela. Cad Saude Publica. 2008;24:1183-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2008000500028
Rivero Z, Maldonado A, Bracho Á, Gotera J, Atencio R, Leal M, et al. Enteroparasitosis en indígenas de la comunidad Japrería, estado Zulia, Venezuela. INCI. 2007;32:270-3.
Maldonado A, Rivero-R Z, Chourio-L G, Díaz I, Calchi-LC M, Acurero H, et al. Prevalencia de enteroparásitos y factores ambientales asociados en dos comunidades indígenas del estado Zulia. Kasmera. 2008;36:53-66.
De la Rosa M, Bolívar J, Pérez HA. Toxoplasma gondii infection in Amerindians of Venezuelan Amazon. Medicina (B. Aires). 1999;59:759-62.
Amendoeira MR, Sobral CA, Teva A, de Lima JN, Klein CH. Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in isolated Amerindians, Mato Grosso. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2003;36:671-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822003000600005
Vilibic-Cavlek T, Ljubin-Sternak S, Ban M, Kolaric B, Sviben M, Mlinaric-Galinovic G. Seroprevalence of ToRCH infections in women of childbearing age in Croatia. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011;24:280-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2010.485233
Neves Bóia M, Carvalho-Costa FA, Campos Sodré F, Trindade Pinto GM, Reis Amendoeira MR. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among indian people living in Iauareté, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo. 2008;50:17-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652008000100004
Díaz-Suárez O, Estévez J. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in women of childbearing age from a marginal community of Maracaibo, Venezuela. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo. 2009;51:13-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652009000100003
Bouhamdan SF, Bitar LK, Saghir HJ, Bayan A, Araj GF. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies among individuals tested at hospitals and private laboratories in Beirut. J Med Liban. 2010;58:8-11.
López-Castillo CA, Díaz-Ramírez J, Gómez-Marín JE. Factores de riesgo en mujeres embarazadas, infectadas por Toxoplasma gondii en Armenia-Colombia. Rev Salud Pública. 2005;7:180-90.
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Acercándonos a la eliminación de la rubéola y síndrome de rubéola congénita en las Américas. 2005;27:1-8. Fecha de consulta: 30 de julio de 2010. Disponible en: http://www.paho.org/spanish/ad/fch/im/sns2701.pdf
Gobierno Bolivariano de Venezuela. Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Comunicación y la Información. Vacunación contra la rubéola en la población indígena ha sido histórica. 2007. Fecha de consulta: 25 de marzo de 2011. Disponible en: www.rnv.gov.ve/noticias
Sathanandan D, Gupta L, Liu B, Rutherford A, Lane J. Factors associated with low immunity to rubella infection on antenatal screening. Aust NZJ Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;46:172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828X.2005.00467.x
Mixer RE, Jamrozik K, Newsom D. Ethnicity as a correlate of the uptake of the first dose of mumps, measles and rubella vaccine. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61:797-801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.045633
Brazzale AG, Russell DB, Cunningham AL, Taylor J, McBride WJ. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 among the Indigenous population of Cape York, Far North Queensland, Australia. Sex Health. 2010;7:453-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SH09098
Dowd JB, Zajacova A, Aiello A. Early origins of health disparities: Burden of infection, health, and socioeconomic status in U.S. children. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68:699-707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.12.010
Clemens SA, Farhat CK. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex 1-2 antibodies in Brazil. Rev Saude Publica. 2010;44:726-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102010000400017
Xu F, Sternberg MR, Kottiri BJ, McQuillan GM, Lee FK, Nahmias AJ, et al. Trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence in the United States. JAMA. 2006;296:964-73.http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.8.964.
Syridou G, Spanakis N, Konstantinidou A, Piperaki ET, Kafetzis D, Patsouris E, et al. Detection of cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19 and herpes simplex viruses in cases of intrauterine fetal death: Association with pathological findings. J Med Virol. 2008;80:1776-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21293
Tamiolakis D, Venizelos I, Lambropoulou M, Kotini A, Barbagadaki S, Nikolaidou S, et al. Human decidual cells activity in women with spontaneous abortions of probable CMV etiology during the first trimester of gestation. An immunohistochemical study with CMV-associated antigen. Acta Medical (Hradec Kralove). 2004;47:195-9.
Nagamori T, Koyano S, Inoue N, Yamada H, Oshima M, Minematsu T, et al. Single cytomegalovirus strain associated with fetal loss and then congenital infection of a subsequent child born to the same mother. J Clin Virol. 2010;49:134-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2010.06.021
Al-Buhtori M, Moore L, Benbow EW, Cooper RJ. Viral detection in hydrops fetalis, spontaneous abortion, and unexplained fetal death in utero. J Med Virol. 2011;3:679-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.22007
Nigro G, Mazzocco M, Mattia E, Di Renzo GC, Carta G, Anceschi MM. Role of the infections in recurrent spontaneous abortion. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011;24:983-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2010.547963
Some similar items:
- Carmen Acosta, Xiomara Pérez, Regla Herrera, Raquel García, Presence of IgG antibodies for rubella, herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus in pregnant women living in Havana City , Biomedica: Vol. 21 No. 2 (2001)
- Yazmín Rocío Arias-Murillo, Karime Osorio-Arango, Jorge Alberto Cortés, Mauricio Beltrán, Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in organ donors and kidney transplant recipients, Colombia, 2010-2014 , Biomedica: Vol. 36 (2016): Suplemento 2, Enfermedades virales
- Mercedes Salcedo-Cifuentes, Jesús Cabrera, Yesid Cuesta-Astroz, Edwin Carrascal, Yoshito Eizuru, Martha C. Domínguez, Adalberto Sánchez, Felipe García-Vallejo, Clonal expansion and genomic characterization of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I during the integration process in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 2 (2009)
- Lyda Osorio, Julián Alfredo Fernández, Olga Murillo, Humberto Escobar, Patricia Bustamante, Henry Agudelo, Luz Patricia Martínez, Beatriz Olaya, Gloria Castro, Characterization of malaria mortality in Valle del Cauca, 2005-2006 , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 4 (2009)
- Luis Miguel Sosa, Luz Libia Cala, Julio César Mantilla, Congenital tuberculosis associated with maternal disseminated miliary tuberculosis , Biomedica: Vol. 27 No. 4 (2007)
- Hollman Miller, Gerzaín Rodríguez, Tungiasis in native Amerindians in Vaupés province: epidemiology, clinical aspects, treatment, and prevention , Biomedica: Vol. 30 No. 2 (2010)
- Hollman Miller, Germán Gallego, Gerzaín Rodríguez, Clinical evidence of trachoma in Colombian Amerindians of the Vaupés Province , Biomedica: Vol. 30 No. 3 (2010)
- Carolina Gómez, Ruth María Eraso, Carlos A. Aguirre, María del Pilar Pérez, Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: pediatric case presentation , Biomedica: Vol. 30 No. 4 (2010)
- Miriam Consuelo López, Augusto Corredor, Patricia Reyes, Alejandro Giraldo, Dora Fonseca, Jorge Enrique Gómez, Standardization of an IFAT for IgG anti-Toxoplasma ln mice , Biomedica: Vol. 21 No. 1 (2001)
- Carolina Gallego, Jhon Carlos Castaño, Alejandra Giraldo, Daniel Ajzenberg, Marie-Laure Dardé, Jorge Enrique Gómez, Molecular and biological characterization of the CIBMUQ/HDC strain, a reference strain for Colombian Toxoplasma gondii. , Biomedica: Vol. 24 No. 3 (2004)
| Article metrics | |
|---|---|
| Abstract views | |
| Galley vies | |
| PDF Views | |
| HTML views | |
| Other views | |
