Cloroquina y sus derivados en el manejo de la COVID-19: una revisión sistemática exploratoria

Juan Pimentel, Neil Andersson, .

Palabras clave: cloroquina, hidroxicloroquina, coronavirus, revisión sistemática, ensayo clínico, pandemias, SARS-CoV-2

Resumen

Introducción. Recientemente, investigadores chinos y franceses reportaron la eficacia de la cloroquina y la hidroxicloroquina para inhibir la replicación in vitro del virus SARS-CoV-2. La diseminación oportuna de la información científica es clave en tiempos de pandemia. Es urgente contar con una revisión sistemática sobre el efecto y la seguridad de estos medicamentos en la COVID-19.
Objetivo. Describir el estado actual de la literatura científica publicada hasta el 25 de marzo de 2020 sobre el uso de la cloroquina o sus derivados en el manejo de pacientes con COVID-19.
Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión sistemática exploratoria en PubMed, Embase, Lilacs y 15 bases de datos de la Plataforma de Registros Internacionales de Ensayos Clínicos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se incluyeron publicaciones empíricas y teóricas en inglés, español, italiano, francés o portugués, y se hizo una síntesis narrativa de los resultados.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 19 documentos y 24 registros de ensayos clínicos (n=43) de 18.059 pacientes. El 66 % (16/24) de los ensayos están registrados en China. Nueve ensayos evalúan la cloroquina exclusivamente y ocho, la hidroxicloroquina. Los documentos son comentarios (n=9), estudios in vitro (n=3), revisiones narrativas (n=2), guías de práctica clínica (n=2), así como una revisión sistemática, un consenso de expertos y un ensayo controlado.
Conclusiones. Un ensayo clínico pequeño (n=26), no aleatorizado y defectuoso, respalda el uso de la hidroxicloroquina en pacientes con COVID-19. Se requiere de manera urgente tener acceso a los resultados de otros ensayos clínicos para determinar la efectividad y la seguridad de la cloroquina y sus derivados en pacientes con COVID-19.

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  • Juan Pimentel Community Information and Epidemiological Technologies - Participatory Research at McGill, CIET-PRAM, Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6842-3064
  • Neil Andersson Community Information and Epidemiological Technologies - Participatory Research at McGill, CIET-PRAM, Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1121-6918

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Cómo citar
1.
Pimentel J, Andersson N. Cloroquina y sus derivados en el manejo de la COVID-19: una revisión sistemática exploratoria. biomedica [Internet]. 30 de octubre de 2020 [citado 28 de marzo de 2024];40(Supl. 2):80-95. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/5478

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