Test for assessing levels of alcohol consumption in Bucaramanga, Colombia: design and validation.
Keywords:
Alcoholism/epidemiology, diagnostic techniques and procedures, reproducibility of results, validity of tests, Colombia
Abstract
Introduction. Excessive alcohol intake can pose a serious problem in public health. The development of instruments to classify the consumers correctly is the first stage in the epidemiologic investigation.Objective. The internal validity and the reliability was evaluated for a test of problematic alcohol consumption (CP-alcohol) in Bucaramanga, Colombia. 2005-2006. This work provides a measure that is internally consistent and improved reliability of diagnostic technology.
Materials and methods. Six hundred one subjects between 18 and 60 years participated in the test for CP-alcohol on two occasions. At the same time, a survey on biological variables (VB), socioeconomic (VSE) and dietary (D) was administered. The internal consistency of CP-alcohol was evaluated by calculating the coefficient alpha of Cronbach, and the reliability with coefficients of Spearman and Cohens Kappa. To evaluate the associations among problematic consumption, VB, VSE, D and the risk of alcoholism, the prevalence ratios were calculated using binomial regression.
Results. The frequency of problematic alcohol consumption was of 46.9 (CI 42.9-50.9). Men presented an increased frequency of problematic alcohol use 1.6 times that of women (p<0.001). The coefficient alpha of Cronbach was moderate for all the questions of the test (minimum 0.41, maximum 0.61). In the first application of CP-alcohol, Cronbachs alpha was 0.63, and, in the second, 0.49. Spearmans correlation coefficient was of 0.87 (CI 0.84-0.90) for the population-for men 0.86 (CI 0.82-0.90) and for women 0.86 (CI 0.82-0.90). The Kappas obtained were very good, 0.70 to 0.89. Sex, pleasure provided by alcoholic drinks , risk of alcoholism according to Cut Down on Drinking, Annoyed by Criticism, Guilty Feeling, and Eye Opener (CAGE) and the quantity of consumed alcohol were all correlated with problematic consumption.
Conclusion. CP-alcohol is a useful test for investigating the epidemiology of health problems associated with alcohol use.
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References
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37. Bray GA. Obesity in America. En: Necesidades de energía y proteínas. Serie de informes técnicos 724. Ginebra: FAO/OMS; 1979.
38. Vázquez G, Prada GE, Herrán OF. ¿Cuánto se percibe?: Una aproximación a la ingesta dietaria. Salud UIS. 2002;34:89-98.
39. Gould WW. Final summary of test of normality. Stata Technical Bulletin. 1992;5:10-1.
40. Reynaldo J, Santos A. Cronbach´s alpha: Tool for assessing the reliability of scales. Journal of Extensión. 1999; 37. Consultado: 12 de enero de 2007.Disponible en: http://joe.org/joe/1999april/tt3.html
41. Conover WJ. Practical nonparametric statistics. Third edition. New York: John Wiley ; Sons; 1999.
42. Chatterjee S, Hadi AS. Regression analysis by example. Fourth edition. New York: John Wiley ; Sons; 2006. p. 85-120.
43. Bartfay E, Donner A. The effect of collapsing multinomial data when assessing agreement. Int J Epidemiol. 2000;29:1070-5.
44. Feinstein AR, Cicchetti DV. High agreement but low kappa: I. The problems of two paradoxes. J Clin Epidemiol 1990;43:543-9.
45. Byrt T, Bishop J, Carlin JB. Bias, prevalence and kappa. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993;46:423-9.
46. Egglin TK, Feinstein AR. Context bias. A problem in diagnostic radiology. JAMA. 1996;276:1752-5.
47. STATA. Estimation of means, totals, ratios, and proportions for survey data. Stata Technical Bulletins 1996;6:213-35.
48. Levy SP, Lemeshow S. Sampling of populations: Methods and applications. 3th ed. New York: Jhon Wiley; Sons; 1999. p. 365-90.
2. Herrán OF, Ardila MF. Validez interna y reproducibilidad de la prueba CAGE en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Biomédica. 2005;25:231-41.
3. Herrán OF, Ardila MF. Validity and reproducibility of two semi-quantitative alcohol frequency questionnaires for Colombian population. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9:763-70.
4. Herrán OF, Ardila MF. Validez factorial del cuestionario de expectativas hacia el consumo de alcohol (AEQ-III), en adultos de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Rev Med Chile. 2007;135:488-95.
5. Herrán OF, Ardila MF. Consumo de alcohol, riesgo de alcoholismo y alcoholismo en Bucaramanga, Colombia, 2002-2003. Colombia Med. 2005;36:158-67.
6. Woerle S, Roeber J, Landen MG. Prevalence of alcohol dependence among excessive drinkers in New Mexico. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007;31:293-8.
7. Bien TH, Miller WR, Tosigan S. Brief interventions for alcohol problems: a review. Addiction. 1993;88:315-36.
8. Jones TV, Lindsey BA, Yount P, Soltys R, Farani-Enayat B. Alcoholism screening questionnaires: are they valid in elderly medical outpatients? J Gen Intern Med. 1993;8:674-8.
9. Magruder-Habib K, Stevens HA, Alling WC. Relative performance of the MAST, VAST, and CAGE versus DMS-III-R criteria for alcohol dependence. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993;46:435-41.
10. Herrán OF, Ardila MF. Desarrollo y seudovalidación de un cuestionario de frecuencia de bebidas alcohólicas para una población colombiana. MedUNAB. 2005;8: 176-82.
11. Snowden LR, Nelson LS, Campell D. An empirical typology of problem drinkers from the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. Addict Behav. 1986;11:37-48.
12. Kilty KM, Leung P, Cheung KF. Drinking styles and drinking problems. Int J Addict. 1987;22:389-412.
13. Babor TF, Dolinsky ZS. Alcoholic typologies: historical evolution and empirical evaluation of some common classification schemes. En: Rose RM, Barrett J, editors. Alcoholism: Origins and outcome. New York: Raven Press; 1988. p. 245-66.
14. Pedrouzo RA. Causas de los accidentes de tránsito desde una visión de la medicina social. El binomio alcohol-tránsito. Rev Med Uruguay. 2004;20:178-86.
15. Voas RB, Romano E, Tippetts AS, Furr-Holden CD. Drinking status and fatal crashes: which drinkers contribute most to the problem? J Stud Alcohol. 2006;67:722-9.
16. Tuesca R, Borda M. Marital violence in Barranquilla Colombia: prevalence and risk factors. Gac Sanit. 2003;17:302-8.
17. Holcomb WR, Adams NA. Personality mechanisms of alcohol-related violence. J Clin Psychol. 1985;41:714-22.
18. Rivera-Rivera LM, Betania A, Rodríguez-Ortega G, Chávez-Ayala R, Lazcano-Ponce E. Violencia durante el noviazgo depresión y conductas de riesgo en estudiantes femeninas (12-24 años). Salud Publica Mex. 2006;48(Suppl.2):288-96.
19. Schuckit MA, Anthenelli RM, Bucholz KK, Hesselbrock VM, Tipp J. The time course of development of alcohol-related problems in men and women. J Stud Alcohol. 1995; 56:218-25.
20. Dermen KH, Cooper ML, Agocha VB. Sex-related alcohol expectancies as moderators of the relationships between alcohol use and risky sex in adolescents. J Stud Alcohol. 1998;59:71-7.
21. Stein M, Herman DS, Trisvan E, Pirraglia P, Engler P, Anderson BJ. Alcohol use and sexual risk behaviour among human immunodeficiency virus-positive persons. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005;29:837-43.
22. PROFAMILIA. Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud, 2005. Bogotá: Profamilia; 2005.
23. Observatorio de Salud Pública de Santander. Diagnóstico de salud en Santander, 2006. Bucaramanga: Secretaria de Salud Departamental; 2006.
24. Ewing JA. Detecting alcoholism. The CAGE questionnaire. JAMA. 1984;252:1905-7.
25. Torres Y, Posada V, Rojas MC. Estudio Nacional de Salud Mental y Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas. Bogotá: Ministerio de Salud; 1993.
26. Torres de GY. Alcohol: prevalencia de consumo y dependencia en Colombia. Revista de Medicina CES. 1999;12:1-9.
27. Bautista L, Oróstegui M, Vera LM, Prada GE, Orozco LC, Herrán OF. Prevalence and impact of major cardiovasculra risk factors in Bucaramanga, Colombia: results from the Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Disease Intervention Programme (CINDI/CARMEN) baseline survey. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006;13:769-75.
28. WHO Assist Working Group. The alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST): development, reliability and feasibility. Addiction. 2002;97:1183-94.
29. Lairson DR, Harrist R, Martin DW, Ramby R, Rustin TA, Swint JM, et al. Screening for patients with alcohol problems: severity of patients identified by the CAGE. J Drug Educ. 1992;22:337-52.
30. Schucckit MA, Smith TL, Danko GP, Kramer J, Godinez J, Bucholz KK, et al. Prospective evaluation of the four DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse in a large population. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:350-60.
31. Reinert DF, Allen JP. The alcohol use disorders identification test: an update of research findings. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007;31:185-99.
32. Power TG, Stewart CD, Hughes SO, Arbona C. Predicting patterns of adolescent alcohol use: a longitudinal study. J Stud Alcohol. 2005;66:74-81.
33. Herrán OF, Ardila MF. Expectativas y consumo de alcohol en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Rev Med Chile. 2007;135:1446-55.
34. Walker WR, Skowronski JJ, Thompson CP. Life is pleasant and memory helps to keep it that way. Review of General Psychology. 2003;7:203-10.
35. Middleton D, Edwards D. Memoria compartida, la naturaleza social del recuerdo y del olvido. Barcelona: Paidós; 1992.
36. Wingfield A, Byrnes D. Psicología y memoria humana. México: Trillas SA; 1988.
37. Bray GA. Obesity in America. En: Necesidades de energía y proteínas. Serie de informes técnicos 724. Ginebra: FAO/OMS; 1979.
38. Vázquez G, Prada GE, Herrán OF. ¿Cuánto se percibe?: Una aproximación a la ingesta dietaria. Salud UIS. 2002;34:89-98.
39. Gould WW. Final summary of test of normality. Stata Technical Bulletin. 1992;5:10-1.
40. Reynaldo J, Santos A. Cronbach´s alpha: Tool for assessing the reliability of scales. Journal of Extensión. 1999; 37. Consultado: 12 de enero de 2007.Disponible en: http://joe.org/joe/1999april/tt3.html
41. Conover WJ. Practical nonparametric statistics. Third edition. New York: John Wiley ; Sons; 1999.
42. Chatterjee S, Hadi AS. Regression analysis by example. Fourth edition. New York: John Wiley ; Sons; 2006. p. 85-120.
43. Bartfay E, Donner A. The effect of collapsing multinomial data when assessing agreement. Int J Epidemiol. 2000;29:1070-5.
44. Feinstein AR, Cicchetti DV. High agreement but low kappa: I. The problems of two paradoxes. J Clin Epidemiol 1990;43:543-9.
45. Byrt T, Bishop J, Carlin JB. Bias, prevalence and kappa. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993;46:423-9.
46. Egglin TK, Feinstein AR. Context bias. A problem in diagnostic radiology. JAMA. 1996;276:1752-5.
47. STATA. Estimation of means, totals, ratios, and proportions for survey data. Stata Technical Bulletins 1996;6:213-35.
48. Levy SP, Lemeshow S. Sampling of populations: Methods and applications. 3th ed. New York: Jhon Wiley; Sons; 1999. p. 365-90.
How to Cite
1.
Herrán OF, Ardila MF, Barba DM. Test for assessing levels of alcohol consumption in Bucaramanga, Colombia: design and validation. biomedica [Internet]. 2008 Mar. 1 [cited 2024 May 16];28(1):25-37. Available from: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/106
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Published
2008-03-01
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