Impact of an open waste disposal site on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and on health care costs of children
Keywords:
refuse disposal, child health (public health), health care costs, health evaluation, cohort studies, Colombia
Abstract
Introduction. Exposure to contaminants of waste disposal sites potentially has negative health effects on population living in close vicinity. However, the impact to the community in terms of illness and health care costs have not been documented in Colombia.Objective. To determine the effects of an open waste disposal site on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in children 1-5 year old and on associated household care costs in Cali, Colombia.
Material and methods. A cohort of 863 1-5 year old children was assembled—409 exposed to the site and 454 living more distant. Over a 6-month period, measurement of respiratory symptoms and estimates of associated costs were undertaken once a month by interviewing the mother or another adult responsible of child health. A longitudinal logistical analysis was used to determine the independent effect of the disposal site on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms. Differences in average costs between families of exposed and unexposed children were estimated by non-parametric bootstrap techniques.
Results. Exposure to the disposal site was associated with a larger probability of respiratory symptoms (odds ratio=1.37, 95%CI 1.17-1.60) and with higher household medical costs due to respiratory symptoms were on the average US$ 10.19 higher (95% US$ 2.63 - 16,82).
Conclusion. Living in neighborhoods close to garbage disposal sites has negative effects on the respiratory health of children and results in increased family costs related to treatment of associated respiratory symptoms.
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References
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34. Hertzman C, Hayes M, Singer J, Highland J. Upper Ottawa street landfill site health study. Environ Health Perspect. 1987;75:173-95.
35. Wheeler BW, Ben-Shlomo Y. Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status, and respiratory health: a linkage analysis of routine data from the Health Survey for England. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005; 59:948-54.
36. Rushton L. Health hazards and waste management. Br Med Bull. 2003;68:183-97.
37. Lanata CF, Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Tomaskovic L, Cherian T, Weber M, et al. Methodological and quality issues in epidemiological studies of acute lower respiratory infections in children in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33:1362-72.
2. Vrijheid M. Health effects of residence near hazardous waste landfill sites: a review of epidemiologic literature. Environ Health Perspect. 2000;108 (Suppl.1):101-12.
3. Elliott P, Briggs D, Morris S, de Hoogh C, Hurt C, Jensen TK, et al. Risk of adverse birth outcomes in populations living near landfill sites. BMJ. 2001;323:363-8.
4. Paigen B, Goldman LR, Highland JH, Magnant MM, Steegman AT. Prevalence of health problems in children living near Love Canal. Haz Waste Haz Mat. 1985;2: 23-43.
5. Carabin H, Gyorkos TW, Soto JC, Penrod J, Joseph L, Collet JP. Estimation of direct and indirect costs because of common infections in toddlers attending day care centers. Pediatrics. 1999;103:556-64.
6. Elden LM, Coyte PC. Socioeconomic impact of otitis media in North America. J Otolaryngol. 1998;27 (Suppl. 2): 9-16.
7. Frank TL, Cropper JA, Hazell ML, Frank PI, Hannaford PC. Childhood asthma: healthcare resource utilization in those with and without a diagnosis of the condition. Respir Med. 2004;98:454-63.
8. Anand VK. Epidemiology and economic impact of rhinosinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2004;193 (Suppl.):3-5.
9. Austin JB, Selvaraj S, Russell G. Childhood asthma in the Highlands of Scotland - morbidity and school absence. Scott Med J. 2004;49:18-21.
10. Crystal-Peters J, Neslusan CA, Smith MW, Togias A. Health care costs of allergic rhinitis-associated conditions vary with allergy season. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002;89:457-62.
11. Stevens CA, Turner D, Kuehni CE, Couriel JM, Silverman M. The economic impact of preschool asthma and wheeze. Eur Respir J. 2003;21:1000-6.
12. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1989.
13. Diggle P, Heagerty P, Liang K-Y, Zeger S. Analysis of longitudinal data. 2nd edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2002.
14. Barber JA, Thompson SG. Analysis of cost data in randomized trials: an application of the non-parametric bootstrap. Stat Med. 2000;19:3219-36.
15. Thompson SG, Barber JA. How should cost data in pragmatic randomized trials be analyzed? BMJ. 2000;320:1197-200.
16. Wong TW, Wun YT, Yu TS, Tam W, Wong CM, Wong AH. Air pollution and general practice consultations for respiratory illnesses. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002;56:949-50.
17. Hernández-Cadena L, Téllez-Rojo MM, Sanín-Aguirre LH, Lacasaña-Navarro M, Campos A, Romieu I. Relación entre consultas a urgencias por enfermedad respiratoria y contaminación atmosférica en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Salud Pública Mex. 2000;42:288-97.
18. Maître A, Collot-Fertey D, Anzivino L, Marques M, Hours M, Stoklov M. Municipal waste incinerators: air and biological monitoring of workers for exposure to particles, metals, and organic compounds. Occup Environ Med. 2003;60:563-9.
19. Delfino RJ, Gong H, Linn WS, Hu Y, Pellizzari ED. Respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow in children with asthma in relation to volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath and ambient air. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2003;13:348-63.
20. Ballester Díez F, Tenías JM, Pérez-Hoyos S. Efectos de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la salud una introducción. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 1999;73:109-21.
21. Simoni M, Lombardi E, Berti G, Rusconi F, La Grutta S, Piffer S, et al. Mould/dampness exposure at home is associated with respiratory disorders in Italian children and adolescents: the SIDRIA-2 Study. Occup Environ Med. 2005;62:616-22.
22. Simoni M, Lombardi E, Berti G, Rusconi F, La Grutta S, Piffer S, et al. Effects of indoor exposures on respiratory and allergic disorders. Epidemiol Prev. 2005;29(Suppl.2):57-61.
23. Skorge TD, Eagan TM, Eide GE, Gulsvik A, Bakke PS. Indoor exposures and respiratory symptoms in a Norwegian community sample. Thorax. 2005;60:937-42.
24. Basu AM, Stephenson R. Low levels of maternal education and the proximate determinants of childhood mortality: a little learning is not a dangerous thing. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60:2011-23.
25. Valadez JJ, Hage J, Vargas W. Understanding the relationship of maternal health behavior change and intervention strategies in a Nicaraguan NGO network. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61:1356-68.
26. Zmirou D, Gauvin S, Pin I, Momas I, Sahraoui F, Just J, et al. Traffic related air pollution and incidence of childhood asthma: results of the Vesta case-control study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004;58:18-23.
27. Peden DB. Development of atopy and asthma: candidate environmental influences and important periods of exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2000;108(Suppl.3):475-82.
28. Pino P, Walter T, Oyarzun M, Villegas R, Romieu I. Fine particulate matter and wheezing illnesses in the first year of life. Epidemiology. 2004;15:702-8.
29. Sreeramareddy CT, Shankar RP, Sreekumaran BV, Subba SH, Joshi HS, Ramachandran U. Care seeking behaviour for childhood illness- a questionnaire survey in western Nepal. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2006;6:7.
30. Ozonoff D, Colten ME, Cupples A, Heeren T, Schatzkin A, Mangione T, et al. Health problems reported by residents of a neighborhood contaminated by a hazardous waste facility. Am J Ind Med. 1987;11:581-97.
31. Dunne MP, Burnett P, Lawton J, Raphael B. The health effects of chemical waste in an urban community. Med J Aust. 1990;152:592-7.
32. Miller MS, McGeehin MA. Reported health outcomes among residents living adjacent to a hazardous waste site, Harris County, Texas, 1992. Toxicol Ind Health. 1997;13:311-9.
33. Lipscomb JA, Goldman LR, Satin KP, Smith DF, Vance WA, Neutra RR. A follow-up study of the community near the McColl waste disposal site. Environ Health Perspect. 1991;94:15-24.
34. Hertzman C, Hayes M, Singer J, Highland J. Upper Ottawa street landfill site health study. Environ Health Perspect. 1987;75:173-95.
35. Wheeler BW, Ben-Shlomo Y. Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status, and respiratory health: a linkage analysis of routine data from the Health Survey for England. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005; 59:948-54.
36. Rushton L. Health hazards and waste management. Br Med Bull. 2003;68:183-97.
37. Lanata CF, Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Tomaskovic L, Cherian T, Weber M, et al. Methodological and quality issues in epidemiological studies of acute lower respiratory infections in children in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33:1362-72.
How to Cite
1.
Girón SL, Mateus JC, Méndez F. Impact of an open waste disposal site on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and on health care costs of children. biomedica [Internet]. 2009 Sep. 1 [cited 2024 May 18];29(3):392-40. Available from: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/11
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