Biological pollution and its relationship with respiratory symptoms indicative of asthma, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Keywords:
signs and symptoms, respiratory, asthma, air pollution, Child, preschool, house dust mites, Colombia
Abstract
Introduction. Indoor air pollution may play an important role in development and exacerbation of asthma in children.
Objective. The association between the presence of indoor biological contaminants and respiratory symptoms related to asthma was assessed in preschool children.
Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study was undertaken in Bucaramanga, Colombia, and included children <7 years of age living in two urban areas of with different levels of outdoor air pollution. The 678 children were an average of 3.5 years of age. Respiratory symptoms indicative of asthma and indoor air pollutants were assessed by previously validated questionnaires.. Biological samples potentially containing mites and fungi were collected by standardized laboratory methods. The log binomial regression model was used for multivariate analysis, using adjusted prevalence ratios (PR).
Results. The prevalence of asthmatic respiratory symptoms was 8.0%; (95% C.I: 5.6-9.6), without significant differences between the two areas. Binomial model analysis showed that asthma symptoms were associated with mites (PR 1.78; 95% C.I. 1.0-3.0), Acremonium sp (PR 6.24; 95 C.I.: 3.8-10.0) and a history of child pneumonia (PR 4.0; 95% C.I. 2.5-6.4), allergic rhinitis (PR 1.9; 95% C.I.: 1.2-3.1), prematurity (PR 3.4; 95% C.I. 1.8-6.5), parents with asthma (PR 2.6; 95% C.I. 1.4-5.0) and pet ownership (PR 0.4; 95% C.I. 0.2-0.9).
Conclusions. The indoor exposure to biological contaminants (dust mites and fungi), history of prematurity, pneumonia, rhinitis and family history of asthma increased the occurence of symptoms suggestive of asthma in young children.
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References
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2. Mullol J, Valero A, Alobid I, Bartra J, Navarro AM, Chivato T, et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma update (ARIA 2008). The perspective from Spain. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2008;18;327-34.
3. Rosales JA, Torres VM, Olaiz G, Borja VH. Los efectos agudos de la contaminación del aire en la salud de la población: evidencias de estudios epidemiológicos. Salud Pública Mex. 2001;43:544-55.
4. Dockery DW, Pope III CA. Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution.. Annu Rev Public Health. 1994;15:107-32.
5. Gern JE. The Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125:545-49.
6. Krieger J, Jacobs D, Ashley P, Baeder A, Chew G, Dearborn D, et al. Housing interventions and control of asthma-related indoor biologic agents: A review of the evidence. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2010;16:S11-20.
7. Gavidia T, Pronczuk J, Sly P. Impactos ambientales sobre la salud respiratoria de los niños. Carga global de las enfermedades respiratorias pediátricas ligada al ambiente. Rev Chil Enf Respir. 2009;25:99-108.
8. Hernández A, Grineski S. Exploring the efficacy of an environmental health intervention in Ciudad Juárez, México. Fam Community Health. 2010;33:343-53.
9. Global Initiative for Asthma. GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Fecha de consulta: 20 de abril del 2008. Disponible en: http://www.ginasthma.com/Guidelineitem.asp??l1=2&l2=1&intId=60.
10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). National air toxics program: The integrated urban strategy. Report to Congress. Fecha de consulta: 12 de enero del 2008. Disponible en: http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/urban/natprpt.pdf.
11. Bruce N, Pérez R, Albalak R. Indoor air pollution in developing countries: A major environmental and public health challenge. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78:1067-71.
12. Hernández LA, Zárate A, Díaz LA. Factores de riesgo para infección respiratoria aguda con énfasis en la contaminación ambiental. Rev Salud UIS. 1993;21:7-15.
13. Dennis R, Caraballo L, García E, Cala LL, Caballero A, Aristizábal G, et al. Prevalencia de asma en seis ciudades de Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Neumología. 2000;13:485-93.
14. Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades. Estudios de caso en medicina ambiental. Fecha de consulta: 15 de abril del 2008. Disponible en: www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/csem/asma.
15. Salo PM, Xia J, Johnson CA, Li Y, Avol EL, Gong J, et al. Indoor allergens, asthma, and asthma-related symptoms among adolescents in Wuhan, China. Ann Epidemiol. 2004;14:543-50.
16. Lau S, Nickel R, Niggemann B, Grüber C, Sommerfeld C, Illi S, et al. The development of childhood asthma: Lessons from the German multicentre allergy study (MAS). Paediatr Rev Respir. 2002;3:265-72.
17. Salo PM, Arbes SJ Jr, Sever M, Jaramillo R, Cohn RD, London SJ, et al. Exposure to Alternaria alternata in US homes is associated with asthma symptoms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118:892-8.
18. Ingibjörg M, Norbäck D, Björnsson E, Soon A, Jarvis D, Gislason D, et al. Indoor environment in three North European cities in relationship to atopy and respiratory symptoms. Clin Respir J. 2009;3:85-94.
19. Sun Y, Zhang Y, Sundell J, Fan Z, Bao l. Dampness in dorm rooms and its associations with allergy and airways infections among college students in China: A cross-sectional study. Indoor Air. 2009;19:348-56.
20. Sharma HP, Hansel NN, Matsui E, Diette GB, Eggleston P, Breysse P. Influencias ambientales de interiores sobre el asma de los niños. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007;54:103-20.
21. Rodríguez L, Rey JJ, Herrera A, Castro H, Niederbacher J, Bolívar F, et al. Prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios compatibles con asma y asociación con contaminación atmosférica en pre-escolares de Bucaramanga. Biomédica. 2010;30:15-22.
22. Dean J, Coulombier D, Smith D, Brendel K, Arner T, Dean A. Epi-info 6.04. Geneva: Word Health Organization; 1996.
23. Rodríguez L, Herrera A, Castro H, Niederbacher J, Vera L. Incidencia de síntomas respiratorios y su asociación con contaminación atmosférica en preescolares: un análisis multinivel. Cad Saude Pública. 2010;26:1411-8.
24. Chong HJ, Rosario N, De La Bianca AC, Solé D, Mallol J. Validation of questionnaire for epidemiologic studies of wheezing in infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18:86-7.
25. Mata CF, Fernández M, Pérez M, Guillén F. Validation of the Spanish version of the phase III ISAAC questionnaire on asthma. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 2005;15:201-10.
26. Orozco V. Medición en salud: diagnóstico y evaluación de resultados, un manual crítico más allá de lo básico. Bucaramanga: División de Publicaciones UIS; 2010.
27. Morgan W, Crain E, Gruchalla R, O´Connor G, Kattan M, Evans R, et al. Results of a home-based environmental intervention among urban children with asthma. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1068-80.
28. Caballero R, Naber O, Morfin B. Correlación entre pruebas cutáneas positivas a hongos, IgE total e IgE específica por ELISA, y cultivos de hongos en el medio ambiente del paciente pediátrico alérgico. Rev Alergia Mex. 2001;5:137-40.
29. Cordero D, Soto M, Mejía M. Los nuevos patrones de crecimiento de la OMS. Ginebra: OPS/OMS; 2007. Fecha de consulta: 15 de octubre de 2007. Disponible en: http://www.ops.org.bo/textocompleto/naiepi-patrones-crecimiento.pdf.
30. StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 9. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation LP; 2007.
31. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE, Nizan A. Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods. Fourth edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education; 2008.
32. Greenland S. Modeling and variable selection in epidemiologic analysis. Am J Public Health. 1989;79:340-9.
33. Vojta P, Friedman W, Marker D, Clickner R, Rogers J, Viet S, et al. First national survey of lead and allergens in housing: Survey design and methods for the allergen and endotoxin components. Environ Health Perspect. 2002;110:527-32.
34. Nilsson A, Kihlström E, Lagesson V, Wessén B, Szponar B, Larsson L, et al. Microorganisms and volatile organic compounds in airborne dust from damp residences. Indoor Air. 2004;14:74-82.
35. Stark P, Celedón J, Ginger l, Ryan ML, Burge H, Muilenberg M. Fungal Levels in the home and allergic rhinitis by 5 years of age. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:1405-9.
36. Antova T, Pattenden S, Brunekreef B, Heinrich J, Rudnai P, Forastiere F, et al. Exposure to indoor mould and children's respiratory health in the PATY study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008;62:708-14.
37. Storey E, Dangman K, Schenck, Debernardo R, Yang C, Bracker M, et al. Guidance for clinicians on the recognition and management of health effects related to mold exposure and moisture indoors. Fecha de consulta: 14 de septiembre de 2010. Disponible en:http://oehc.uchc.edu/clinser/mold%20guide.pdf.
38. Cruz A, Jiménez A. Evaluación de la contaminación del aire por microorganismos oportunistas y su relación con material particulado (PM 2.5 y PM 10) en la localidad de Puente Aranda, Bogotá, D.C. (trabajo de grado). Bogotá,.D.C.: Universidad de la Salle; 2006. p. 189-91.
39. Kim J, Elfman L, Norback D. Respiratory symptoms, asthma and allergen levels in schools comparison between Korea and Sweden. Indoor Air. 2007;17:122-9.
40. Miller JD. Fungi as contaminants in indoor air. Atmosph Environ. 1992;26:2163-72.
41. Pasanen AL. A review: Fungal exposure assessment in indoor environments. Indoor Air. 2001;11:87-9.
42. Garrett M, Rayment P, Hooper M, Abramson M, Hooper B. Indoor airbone fungal spores, house dampness and associations with environmental factors and respiratory health in children. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998;28:459-67.
43. Kowalski W J, Indoor mold growth. Fecha de consulta: 10 de septiembre de 2010. Disponible en: http://www.engr.psu.edu/ae/iec/abe/publications/Indoor_Mold_Growth.htm.
44. Pulimood T, Corden J, Bryden C, Sharples L, Nasser S. Epidemic asthma and the role of the fungal mold Alternaria alternate. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120:610-7.
45. Jeroen D, Pearce N. Invited commentary: Is indoor mold exposure a risk factor for asthma? Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158:203-6.
46. Varela Al. Correlación clínica y espirométrica con alergenos intradomiciliarios y con contaminantes. Alergia Méx. 2001;48:107.
47. Chen CM, Gehring U, Wickman M, Hoek G, Giovannangelo M, Nordling E, et al. Domestic cat allergen and allergic sensitization in young children. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2008;211:337-44.
48. Johnston R, Burge H, Fisk W, Gold D, Gordis L, Grunstein M, et al. Clearing the air: Asthma and indoor air exposures is available for sale from the National. Washington, D.C.: Academy Press; 2000. Fecha de consulta: 18 de septiembre de 2009. Disponible en: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309064961.
49. Gaffin J, Phipatanakul W. The role of indoor allergens in the development of asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;9:128-35.
50. Moreno L, Caraballo L, Puerta L. Importancia médica de los alérgenos de ácaros domésticos. Biomédica. 1995; 15:93-103.
51. De Alba J, Raemdonck K, Collins DA, Wong S, Nials A. House dust mite induces direct airway inflammation in vivo: Implications for future disease therapy? Eur Respir J. 2010;35:1377-87.
52. Oddy W, Pea J. Breastfeeding asthma, and atopic disease: An epidemiological review of the literature. J Hum Lact. 2003;19;250-61.
53. Ngoc P, Soto N, Ávila L, Hunninghake G, Raby B, Laskey D, et al. Paternal asthma, mold exposure, and increased airway responsiveness among children with asthma in Costa Rica. Chest. 2008;133:107-14.
54. Boulet L. Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma. Eur Respir J. 2009;33:897-6.
55. Porsbjerg C, von Linstow M, Ulrik C, Nepper S, Backer V. Risk factors for onset of asthma a 12-year prospective follow-up study. Chest. 2006;129:309-16.
56. Belanger K, Beckett W, Triche E, Bracken M, Holford T, Renp, et al. Persistent cough in the first year of life: Associations with indoor allergens, air contaminants, and maternal history asthma. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158:195-202.
57. Salo PM, Xia J, Johnson CA, Li Y, Avol EL, Gong J, et al. Indoor allergens, asthma, and asthma-related symptoms among adolescents in Wuhan, China. Ann Epidemiol. 2004;14:543-50.
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How to Cite
1.
Herrera AB, Rodríguez LA, Niederbacher J. Biological pollution and its relationship with respiratory symptoms indicative of asthma, Bucaramanga, Colombia. biomedica [Internet]. 2011 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 May 16];31(3):357-71. Available from: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/364
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