Hantavirus as important emerging agents in South America
Keywords:
Hantavirus, communicable diseases, emerging, mice, persons, agriculture, Colombia.
Abstract
The dawning of the 20th century was marked by the emergence of new infectious disease agents and the appearance of others previously thought controlled. Both phenomena were possibly connected with ecological disturbances that led to the recognition of a dramatic climate change, of which the effects are only now becoming noticeable.
Among the variety of agents to be considered, the many new viruses stand out, not only for their numerical proliferation, but also for their genetic versatility. It is this quality that provides them dexterity for evolving new strategies and adaptations to changing environmental conditions.
Recently, some of the most ubiquitous and well-publicized viral agents in the American continents have been the rodent-borne viruses, and among these are the hantaviruses, etiological agents of pulmonary syndromes. Approximately 18 hantaviruses (belonging to the family Bunyaviridae), have been discovered in South America during the last 20 years, and although most of them cause persistent infections and subclinical infections in wild rodents (particularly members of the subfamily Sigmodontinae) and humans respectively; some others might also be highly lethal for humans.
The goal herein is to review the state of the art regarding general aspects of hantaviruses and the diseases they cause around the world, highlighting the most recent findings in Colombia. Finally, the many unanswered questions will be recognized and highlighted concerning clinical importance and socio-economic impact of these agents on quality of public health in Colombia.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Snell NJ. Examining unmet needs in infectious disease. Drug Discov Today. 2003;8:22-30.
2. Mills JN, Childs JE. Ecologic studies of rodent reservoirs: Their relevance for human health. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998;4:529-37.
3. Schmaljohn C. Bunyaviridae. In: Wilkins LW, editor. Fields virology. 5th edition. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 1742-89.
4. Lee HW, Lee PW, Baek LJ, Chu YK. Geographical distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantaviruses. In: Calisher CH, editor. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, tick- and mosquito-borne viruses. Vienna: Springer-Verlag; 1991. p. 5-18.
5. OPS. Hantavirus en las Américas. Guía para el diagnóstico, el tratamiento, la prevención y el control. 1999. Fecha de consulta: 16 de diciembre de 2009. Disponible en: http://www.paho.org/spanish/AD/DPC/CD/hantavirus-1993-2004.htm
6. Khan AS, Khabbaz RF, Armstrong LR, Holman RC, Bauer SP, Graber J, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: The first 100 US cases. J Infect Dis. 1996;173:1297-303.
7. Khaiboullina SF, Morzunov SP, St. Jeor SC. Hantaviruses: Molecular biology, evolution and pathogenesis. Curr Mol Med. 2005;5:773-90.
8. Gavrilovskaya IN, Shepley M, Shaw R, Ginsberg MH, Mackow ER. Beta 3 integrins mediate the cellular entry of hantaviruses that cause respiratory failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:7074-9.
9. Gajdusek DC. Virus hemorrhagic fevers. Special reference to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (epidemic hemorrhagic fever). J Pediatr. 1962;60:841-57.
10. Kanerva M, Mustonen J, Vaheri A. Pathogenesis of Puumala and other hantavirus infections. Rev Med Virol. 1998;8:67-86.
11. Lee HW, Lee PW. Korean hemorrhagic fever. Demonstration of causative antigen and antibodies. Korean J Intern Med. 1976;19:371-83.
12. Lee HW, Lee PW, Johnson KM. Isolation of the etiologic agent of Korean Hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis. 1978;137:298-308.
13. Song G. Epidemiological progresses of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China. Chin Med J (Engl). 1999;112: 472-7.
14. French GR, Foulke RS, Brand OA, Eddy GA, Lee HW, Lee PW. Korean hemorrhagic fever: Propagation of the etiologic agent in a cell line of human origin. Science. 1981;211:1046-8.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update: Outbreak of hantavirus infection -southwestern United States, 1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993;42:477-9.
16. Hjelle B, Jenison S, Torrez-Martínez N, Yamada T, Nolte K, Zumwalt R, et al. A novel hantavirus associated with an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in the southwestern United States: Evolutionary relationships to known hantaviruses. J Virol. 1994;68:592-6.
17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome -United States, 1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994;43:45-8.
18. Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Morzunov S, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Feldmann H, et al. Genetic identification of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness. Science. 1993;262:914-7.
19. Childs JE, Ksiazek TG, Spiropoulou CF, Krebs JW, Morzunov S, Maupin GO, et al. Serologic and genetic identification of Peromyscus maniculatus as the primary rodent reservoir for a new hantavirus in the southwestern United States. J Infect Dis. 1994;169:1271-80.
20. Engelthaler DM, Mosley DG, Cheek JE, Levy CE, Komatsu KK, Ettestad P, et al. Climatic and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Four Corners region, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:87-94.
21. da Silva MV, Vasconcelos MJ, Hidalgo NT, Veiga AP, Canzian M, Marotto PC, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Report of the first three cases in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1997;39:231-4.
22. Iversson LB, Travassos da Rosa AP, Rosa MD, Lomar AV, Saski M, LeDuc JW. Infecção humana por hantavírus nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Rev Ass Med Bras. 1994;40:85-92.
23. López N, Padula P, Rossi C, Lazaro ME, Franze-Fernández MT. Genetic identification of a new hantavirus causing severe pulmonary syndrome in Argentina. Virology. 1996;220:223-6.
24. Johnson AM, Bowen MD, Ksiazek TG, Williams RJ, Bryan RT, Mills JN, et al. Laguna Negra virus associated with HPS in western Paraguay and Bolivia. Virology. 1997;238:115-27.
25. Hjelle B, Torrez-Martínez N, Koster FT. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome-related virus from Bolivia. Lancet. 1996;347:57.
26. Toro J, Vega JD, Khan AS, Mills JN, Padula P, Terry W, et al. An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Chile, 1997. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998;4:687-94.
27. Williams RJ, Bryan RT, Mills JN, Palma RE, Vera I, De Velasquez F, et al. An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in western Paraguay. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997;57:274-82.
28. Padula PJ, Colavecchia SB, Martínez VP, Gonzalez Della Valle MO, Edelstein A, Miguel SD, et al. Genetic diversity, distribution, and serological features of hantavirus infection in five countries in South America. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:3029-35.
29. Vincent MJ, Quiroz E, Gracia F, Sánchez AJ, Ksiazek TG, Kitsutani PT, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Panama: Identification of novel hantaviruses and their likely reservoirs. Virology. 2000;277:14-9.
30. Rivas YJ, Moros Z, Morón D, Uzcátegui MG, Durán Z, Pujol FH, et al. The seroprevalences of anti-hantavirus IgG antibodies among selected Venezuelan populations. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2003;97:61-7.
31. Klein SL, Calisher CH. Emergence and persistence of hantaviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007;315:217-52.
32. NCBI. Taxonomy. 2009. Fecha de consulta: 16 de diciembre de 2009. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=11598.
33. Mattar S, Parra M. Serologic evidence of hantavirus infection in humans, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:2263-4.
34. Alemán A, Iguaran H, Puerta H, Cantillo C, Mills J, Ariz W, et al. First serological evidence of Hantavirus infection in rodents in Colombia. Rev Salud Pública (Bogotá). 2006;8(Suppl.1):1-12.
35. Londoño AF, Díaz FJ, Agudelo-Florez P, Levis S, Rodas JD. Genetic evidence of hantavirus infections in wild rodents from northwestern Colombia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011;11:701-8.
36. Lee HW, Baek LJ, Johnson KM. Isolation of Hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever, from wild urban rats. J Infect Dis. 1982;146:638-44.
37. Song JW, Baek LJ, Schmaljohn CS, Yanagihara R. Thottapalayam virus, a prototype shrew-borne hantavirus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:980-5.
38. Wells RM, Sosa Estani S, Yadon ZE, Enria D, Padula P, Pini N, et al. An unusual hantavirus outbreak in southern Argentina: Person-to-person transmission? Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Study Group for Patagonia. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997;3:171-4.
39. Schultze D, Lundkvist A, Blauenstein U, Heyman P. Tula virus infection associated with fever and exanthema after a wild rodent bite. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002;21:304-6.
40. Arikawa J, Yoshimatsu K, Kariwa H. Epidemiology and epizootiology of hantavirus infection in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2001;54:95-102.
41. Jackson AP, Charleston MA. A cophylogenetic perspective of RNA-virus evolution. Mol Biol Evol. 2004;21:45-57.
42. Schmaljohn C, Hjelle B. Hantaviruses: A global disease problem. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997;3:95-104.
43. Carroll DS, Mills JN, Montgomery JM, Bausch DG, Blair PJ, Burans JP, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Central Bolivia: Relationships between reservoir hosts,habitats, and viral genotypes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;72:42-6.
44. Chu YK, Owen RD, González LM, Jonsson CB. The complex ecology of hantavirus in Paraguay. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;69:263-8.
45. McIntyre NE, Chu YK, Owen RD, Abuzeineh A, De la Sancha N, Dick CW, et al. A longitudinal study of Bayou virus, hosts, and habitat. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:1043-9.
46. Morens DM, Folkers GK, Fauci AS. The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2004;430:242-9.
47. Raftery MJ, Kraus AA, Ulrich R, Kruger DH, Schonrich G. Hantavirus infection of dendritic cells. J Virol. 2002;76:10724-33.
48. Zaki SR, Greer PW, Coffield LM, Goldsmith CS, Nolte KB, Foucar K, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Pathogenesis of an emerging infectious disease. Am J Pathol. 1995;146:552-79.
49. Kanerva M, Melen K, Vaheri A, Julkunen I. Inhibition of Puumala and Tula hantaviruses in vero cells by MxA protein. Virology. 1996;224:55-62.
50. Kim IW, Hwang JY, Kim SK, Kim JK, Park HS. Interferon-stimulated genes response in endothelial cells following Hantaan virus infection. J Korean Med Sci. 2007;22:987-92.
51. Prescott J, Ye C, Sen G, Hjelle B. Induction of innate immune response genes by Sin Nombre hantavirus does not require viral replication. J Virol. 2005;79:15007-15.
52. Terajima M, Hayasaka D, Maeda K, Ennis FA. Immunopathogenesis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: Do CD8+ T cells trigger capillary leakage in viral hemorrhagic fevers? Immunol Lett. 2007;113:117-20.
53. Gavrilovskaya IN, Peresleni T, Geimonen E, Mackow ER. Pathogenic hantaviruses selectively inhibit beta3 integrin directed endothelial cell migration. Arch Virol. 2002;147:1913-31.
54. Markotic A, Gagro A, Dasic G, Kuzman I, Lukas D, Nichol S, et al. Immune parameters in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome during the incubation and acute disease: Case report. Croat Med J. 2002;43:587-90.
55. Kilpatrick ED, Terajima M, Koster FT, Catalina MD, Cruz J, Ennis FA. Role of specific CD8+ T cells in the severity of a fulminant zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fever, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. J Immunol. 2004;172: 3297-304.
56. Meyer BJ, Schmaljohn CS. Persistent hantavirus infections: Characteristics and mechanisms. Trends Microbiol. 2000;8:61-7.
57. Padula P, Figueroa R, Navarrete M, Pizarro E, Cadiz R, Bellomo C, et al. Transmission study of Andes hantavirus infection in wild sigmodontine rodents. J Virol. 2004;78:11972-9.
58. Botten J, Mirowsky K, Kusewitt D, Bharadwaj M, Yee J, Ricci R, et al. Experimental infection model for Sin Nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:10578-83.
59. Botten J, Mirowsky K, Kusewitt D, Ye C, Gottlieb K, Prescott J, et al. Persistent Sin Nombre virus infection in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) model: Sites of replication and strand-specific expression. J Virol. 2003;77:1540-50.
60. Hutchinson KL, Rollin PE, Peters CJ. Pathogenesis of a North American hantavirus, Black Creek Canal virus, in experimentally infected Sigmodon hispidus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;59:58-65.
61. Lee PW, Yanagihara R, Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC. Pathogenesis of experimental Hantaan virus infection in laboratory rats. Arch Virol. 1986;88:57-66.
62. Hannah MF, Bajic VB, Klein SL. Sex differences in the recognition of and innate antiviral responses to Seoul virus in Norway rats. Brain Behav Immun. 2008;22:503-16.
63. Easterbrook JD, Klein SL. Immunological mechanisms mediating hantavirus persistence in rodent reservoirs. PLoS Pathog. 2008;4:e1000172.
64. Easterbrook JD, Zink MC, Klein SL. Regulatory T cells enhance persistence of the zoonotic pathogen Seoul virus in its reservoir host. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:15502-7.
65. Lee HW, van der Groen G. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Prog Med Virol. 1989;36:62-102.
66. Mesic S, Almedin H. Investigation of modes of hantavirus infection transmission from rodents to humans. Med Arh. 2008;62:229-30.
67. Enria DA, Levis SC. Emerging viral zoonoses: Hantavirus infections. Rev Sci Tech. 2004;23:595-611.
68. Vapalahti O, Mustonen J, Lundkvist A, Henttonen H, Plyusnin A, Vaheri A. Hantavirus infections in Europe. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3:653-61.
69. Peters CJ, Simpson GL, Levy H. Spectrum of hantavirus infection: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Annu Rev Med. 1999;50:531-45.
70. Rivers MN, Alexander JL, Rohde RE, Pierce JR Jr. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Texas: 1993-2006. South Med J. 2009;102:36-41.
71. Young JC, Hansen GR, Graves TK, Deasy MP, Humphreys JG, Fritz CL, et al. The incubation period of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;62:714-7.
72. Vial PA, Valdivieso F, Mertz G, Castillo C, Belmar E, Delgado I, et al. Incubation period of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1271-3.
73. Mertz GJ, Hjelle B, Crowley M, Iwamoto G, Tomicic V, Vial PA. Diagnosis and treatment of new world hantavirus infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006;19:437-42.
74. Kramski M, Achazi K, Klempa B, Kruger DH. Nephropathia epidemica with a 6-week incubation period after occupational exposure to Puumala hantavirus. J Clin Virol. 2009;44:99-101.
75. Raboni SM, Levis S, Rosa ES, Bisordi I, Delfraro A, Lemos E, et al. Hantavirus infection in Brazil: Development and evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting based on N recombinant protein. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;58:89-97.
76. Schountz T, Calisher CH, Richens TR, Rich AA, Doty JB, Hughes MT, et al. Rapid field immunoassay for detecting antibody to Sin Nombre virus in deer mice. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1604-7.
77. Zaki SR, Albers RC, Greer PW, Coffield LM, Armstrong LR, Khan AS, et al. Retrospective diagnosis of a 1983 case of fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Lancet. 1994;343:1037-8.
78. Huggins JW, Hsiang CM, Cosgriff TM, Guang MY, Smith JI, Wu ZO, et al. Prospective, double-blind, concurrent, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous ribavirin therapy of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. J Infect Dis. 1991;164:1119-27.
79. Chapman LE, Mertz GJ, Peters CJ, Jolson HM, Khan AS, Ksiazek TG, et al. Intravenous ribavirin for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: Safety and tolerance during 1 year of open-label experience. Ribavirin Study Group. Antivir Ther. 1999;4:211-9.
80. Mertz GJ, Miedzinski L, Goade D, Pavia AT, Hjelle B, Hansbarger CO, et al. Placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of intravenous ribavirin for the treatment of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in North America. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1307-13.
81. Jonsson CB, Hooper J, Mertz G. Treatment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Antiviral Res. 2008;78:162-9.
82. Bharadwaj M, Nofchissey R, Goade D, Koster F, Hjelle B. Humoral immune responses in the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. J Infect Dis. 2000;182:43-8.
83. Klingstrom J, Stoltz M, Hardestam J, Ahlm C, Lundkvist A. Passive immunization protects cynomolgus macaques against Puumala hantavirus challenge. Antivir Ther. 2008;13:125-33.
84. Schmaljohn C. Vaccines for hantaviruses. Vaccine. 2009;27(Suppl.4):D61-4.
85. Safronetz D, Hegde NR, Ebihara H, Denton M, Kobinger GP, St. Jeor S, et al. Adenovirus vectors expressing hantavirus proteins protect hamsters against lethal challenge with Andes virus. J Virol. 2009;83:7285-95.
86. Sohn YM, Rho HO, Park MS, Kim JS, Summers PL. Primary humoral immune responses to formalin inactivated hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome vaccine (Hantavax): Consideration of active immunization in South Korea. Yonsei Med J. 2001;42:278-84.
87. Schmaljohn CS, Hasty SE, Dalrymple JM. Preparation of candidate vaccinia-vectored vaccines for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Vaccine. 1992;10:10-3.
2. Mills JN, Childs JE. Ecologic studies of rodent reservoirs: Their relevance for human health. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998;4:529-37.
3. Schmaljohn C. Bunyaviridae. In: Wilkins LW, editor. Fields virology. 5th edition. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 1742-89.
4. Lee HW, Lee PW, Baek LJ, Chu YK. Geographical distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantaviruses. In: Calisher CH, editor. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, tick- and mosquito-borne viruses. Vienna: Springer-Verlag; 1991. p. 5-18.
5. OPS. Hantavirus en las Américas. Guía para el diagnóstico, el tratamiento, la prevención y el control. 1999. Fecha de consulta: 16 de diciembre de 2009. Disponible en: http://www.paho.org/spanish/AD/DPC/CD/hantavirus-1993-2004.htm
6. Khan AS, Khabbaz RF, Armstrong LR, Holman RC, Bauer SP, Graber J, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: The first 100 US cases. J Infect Dis. 1996;173:1297-303.
7. Khaiboullina SF, Morzunov SP, St. Jeor SC. Hantaviruses: Molecular biology, evolution and pathogenesis. Curr Mol Med. 2005;5:773-90.
8. Gavrilovskaya IN, Shepley M, Shaw R, Ginsberg MH, Mackow ER. Beta 3 integrins mediate the cellular entry of hantaviruses that cause respiratory failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:7074-9.
9. Gajdusek DC. Virus hemorrhagic fevers. Special reference to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (epidemic hemorrhagic fever). J Pediatr. 1962;60:841-57.
10. Kanerva M, Mustonen J, Vaheri A. Pathogenesis of Puumala and other hantavirus infections. Rev Med Virol. 1998;8:67-86.
11. Lee HW, Lee PW. Korean hemorrhagic fever. Demonstration of causative antigen and antibodies. Korean J Intern Med. 1976;19:371-83.
12. Lee HW, Lee PW, Johnson KM. Isolation of the etiologic agent of Korean Hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis. 1978;137:298-308.
13. Song G. Epidemiological progresses of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China. Chin Med J (Engl). 1999;112: 472-7.
14. French GR, Foulke RS, Brand OA, Eddy GA, Lee HW, Lee PW. Korean hemorrhagic fever: Propagation of the etiologic agent in a cell line of human origin. Science. 1981;211:1046-8.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update: Outbreak of hantavirus infection -southwestern United States, 1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993;42:477-9.
16. Hjelle B, Jenison S, Torrez-Martínez N, Yamada T, Nolte K, Zumwalt R, et al. A novel hantavirus associated with an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in the southwestern United States: Evolutionary relationships to known hantaviruses. J Virol. 1994;68:592-6.
17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome -United States, 1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994;43:45-8.
18. Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Morzunov S, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Feldmann H, et al. Genetic identification of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness. Science. 1993;262:914-7.
19. Childs JE, Ksiazek TG, Spiropoulou CF, Krebs JW, Morzunov S, Maupin GO, et al. Serologic and genetic identification of Peromyscus maniculatus as the primary rodent reservoir for a new hantavirus in the southwestern United States. J Infect Dis. 1994;169:1271-80.
20. Engelthaler DM, Mosley DG, Cheek JE, Levy CE, Komatsu KK, Ettestad P, et al. Climatic and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Four Corners region, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:87-94.
21. da Silva MV, Vasconcelos MJ, Hidalgo NT, Veiga AP, Canzian M, Marotto PC, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Report of the first three cases in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1997;39:231-4.
22. Iversson LB, Travassos da Rosa AP, Rosa MD, Lomar AV, Saski M, LeDuc JW. Infecção humana por hantavírus nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Rev Ass Med Bras. 1994;40:85-92.
23. López N, Padula P, Rossi C, Lazaro ME, Franze-Fernández MT. Genetic identification of a new hantavirus causing severe pulmonary syndrome in Argentina. Virology. 1996;220:223-6.
24. Johnson AM, Bowen MD, Ksiazek TG, Williams RJ, Bryan RT, Mills JN, et al. Laguna Negra virus associated with HPS in western Paraguay and Bolivia. Virology. 1997;238:115-27.
25. Hjelle B, Torrez-Martínez N, Koster FT. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome-related virus from Bolivia. Lancet. 1996;347:57.
26. Toro J, Vega JD, Khan AS, Mills JN, Padula P, Terry W, et al. An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Chile, 1997. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998;4:687-94.
27. Williams RJ, Bryan RT, Mills JN, Palma RE, Vera I, De Velasquez F, et al. An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in western Paraguay. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997;57:274-82.
28. Padula PJ, Colavecchia SB, Martínez VP, Gonzalez Della Valle MO, Edelstein A, Miguel SD, et al. Genetic diversity, distribution, and serological features of hantavirus infection in five countries in South America. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:3029-35.
29. Vincent MJ, Quiroz E, Gracia F, Sánchez AJ, Ksiazek TG, Kitsutani PT, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Panama: Identification of novel hantaviruses and their likely reservoirs. Virology. 2000;277:14-9.
30. Rivas YJ, Moros Z, Morón D, Uzcátegui MG, Durán Z, Pujol FH, et al. The seroprevalences of anti-hantavirus IgG antibodies among selected Venezuelan populations. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2003;97:61-7.
31. Klein SL, Calisher CH. Emergence and persistence of hantaviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007;315:217-52.
32. NCBI. Taxonomy. 2009. Fecha de consulta: 16 de diciembre de 2009. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=11598.
33. Mattar S, Parra M. Serologic evidence of hantavirus infection in humans, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:2263-4.
34. Alemán A, Iguaran H, Puerta H, Cantillo C, Mills J, Ariz W, et al. First serological evidence of Hantavirus infection in rodents in Colombia. Rev Salud Pública (Bogotá). 2006;8(Suppl.1):1-12.
35. Londoño AF, Díaz FJ, Agudelo-Florez P, Levis S, Rodas JD. Genetic evidence of hantavirus infections in wild rodents from northwestern Colombia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011;11:701-8.
36. Lee HW, Baek LJ, Johnson KM. Isolation of Hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever, from wild urban rats. J Infect Dis. 1982;146:638-44.
37. Song JW, Baek LJ, Schmaljohn CS, Yanagihara R. Thottapalayam virus, a prototype shrew-borne hantavirus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:980-5.
38. Wells RM, Sosa Estani S, Yadon ZE, Enria D, Padula P, Pini N, et al. An unusual hantavirus outbreak in southern Argentina: Person-to-person transmission? Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Study Group for Patagonia. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997;3:171-4.
39. Schultze D, Lundkvist A, Blauenstein U, Heyman P. Tula virus infection associated with fever and exanthema after a wild rodent bite. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002;21:304-6.
40. Arikawa J, Yoshimatsu K, Kariwa H. Epidemiology and epizootiology of hantavirus infection in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2001;54:95-102.
41. Jackson AP, Charleston MA. A cophylogenetic perspective of RNA-virus evolution. Mol Biol Evol. 2004;21:45-57.
42. Schmaljohn C, Hjelle B. Hantaviruses: A global disease problem. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997;3:95-104.
43. Carroll DS, Mills JN, Montgomery JM, Bausch DG, Blair PJ, Burans JP, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Central Bolivia: Relationships between reservoir hosts,habitats, and viral genotypes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;72:42-6.
44. Chu YK, Owen RD, González LM, Jonsson CB. The complex ecology of hantavirus in Paraguay. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;69:263-8.
45. McIntyre NE, Chu YK, Owen RD, Abuzeineh A, De la Sancha N, Dick CW, et al. A longitudinal study of Bayou virus, hosts, and habitat. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:1043-9.
46. Morens DM, Folkers GK, Fauci AS. The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2004;430:242-9.
47. Raftery MJ, Kraus AA, Ulrich R, Kruger DH, Schonrich G. Hantavirus infection of dendritic cells. J Virol. 2002;76:10724-33.
48. Zaki SR, Greer PW, Coffield LM, Goldsmith CS, Nolte KB, Foucar K, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Pathogenesis of an emerging infectious disease. Am J Pathol. 1995;146:552-79.
49. Kanerva M, Melen K, Vaheri A, Julkunen I. Inhibition of Puumala and Tula hantaviruses in vero cells by MxA protein. Virology. 1996;224:55-62.
50. Kim IW, Hwang JY, Kim SK, Kim JK, Park HS. Interferon-stimulated genes response in endothelial cells following Hantaan virus infection. J Korean Med Sci. 2007;22:987-92.
51. Prescott J, Ye C, Sen G, Hjelle B. Induction of innate immune response genes by Sin Nombre hantavirus does not require viral replication. J Virol. 2005;79:15007-15.
52. Terajima M, Hayasaka D, Maeda K, Ennis FA. Immunopathogenesis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: Do CD8+ T cells trigger capillary leakage in viral hemorrhagic fevers? Immunol Lett. 2007;113:117-20.
53. Gavrilovskaya IN, Peresleni T, Geimonen E, Mackow ER. Pathogenic hantaviruses selectively inhibit beta3 integrin directed endothelial cell migration. Arch Virol. 2002;147:1913-31.
54. Markotic A, Gagro A, Dasic G, Kuzman I, Lukas D, Nichol S, et al. Immune parameters in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome during the incubation and acute disease: Case report. Croat Med J. 2002;43:587-90.
55. Kilpatrick ED, Terajima M, Koster FT, Catalina MD, Cruz J, Ennis FA. Role of specific CD8+ T cells in the severity of a fulminant zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fever, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. J Immunol. 2004;172: 3297-304.
56. Meyer BJ, Schmaljohn CS. Persistent hantavirus infections: Characteristics and mechanisms. Trends Microbiol. 2000;8:61-7.
57. Padula P, Figueroa R, Navarrete M, Pizarro E, Cadiz R, Bellomo C, et al. Transmission study of Andes hantavirus infection in wild sigmodontine rodents. J Virol. 2004;78:11972-9.
58. Botten J, Mirowsky K, Kusewitt D, Bharadwaj M, Yee J, Ricci R, et al. Experimental infection model for Sin Nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:10578-83.
59. Botten J, Mirowsky K, Kusewitt D, Ye C, Gottlieb K, Prescott J, et al. Persistent Sin Nombre virus infection in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) model: Sites of replication and strand-specific expression. J Virol. 2003;77:1540-50.
60. Hutchinson KL, Rollin PE, Peters CJ. Pathogenesis of a North American hantavirus, Black Creek Canal virus, in experimentally infected Sigmodon hispidus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;59:58-65.
61. Lee PW, Yanagihara R, Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC. Pathogenesis of experimental Hantaan virus infection in laboratory rats. Arch Virol. 1986;88:57-66.
62. Hannah MF, Bajic VB, Klein SL. Sex differences in the recognition of and innate antiviral responses to Seoul virus in Norway rats. Brain Behav Immun. 2008;22:503-16.
63. Easterbrook JD, Klein SL. Immunological mechanisms mediating hantavirus persistence in rodent reservoirs. PLoS Pathog. 2008;4:e1000172.
64. Easterbrook JD, Zink MC, Klein SL. Regulatory T cells enhance persistence of the zoonotic pathogen Seoul virus in its reservoir host. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:15502-7.
65. Lee HW, van der Groen G. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Prog Med Virol. 1989;36:62-102.
66. Mesic S, Almedin H. Investigation of modes of hantavirus infection transmission from rodents to humans. Med Arh. 2008;62:229-30.
67. Enria DA, Levis SC. Emerging viral zoonoses: Hantavirus infections. Rev Sci Tech. 2004;23:595-611.
68. Vapalahti O, Mustonen J, Lundkvist A, Henttonen H, Plyusnin A, Vaheri A. Hantavirus infections in Europe. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3:653-61.
69. Peters CJ, Simpson GL, Levy H. Spectrum of hantavirus infection: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Annu Rev Med. 1999;50:531-45.
70. Rivers MN, Alexander JL, Rohde RE, Pierce JR Jr. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Texas: 1993-2006. South Med J. 2009;102:36-41.
71. Young JC, Hansen GR, Graves TK, Deasy MP, Humphreys JG, Fritz CL, et al. The incubation period of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;62:714-7.
72. Vial PA, Valdivieso F, Mertz G, Castillo C, Belmar E, Delgado I, et al. Incubation period of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1271-3.
73. Mertz GJ, Hjelle B, Crowley M, Iwamoto G, Tomicic V, Vial PA. Diagnosis and treatment of new world hantavirus infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006;19:437-42.
74. Kramski M, Achazi K, Klempa B, Kruger DH. Nephropathia epidemica with a 6-week incubation period after occupational exposure to Puumala hantavirus. J Clin Virol. 2009;44:99-101.
75. Raboni SM, Levis S, Rosa ES, Bisordi I, Delfraro A, Lemos E, et al. Hantavirus infection in Brazil: Development and evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting based on N recombinant protein. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;58:89-97.
76. Schountz T, Calisher CH, Richens TR, Rich AA, Doty JB, Hughes MT, et al. Rapid field immunoassay for detecting antibody to Sin Nombre virus in deer mice. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1604-7.
77. Zaki SR, Albers RC, Greer PW, Coffield LM, Armstrong LR, Khan AS, et al. Retrospective diagnosis of a 1983 case of fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Lancet. 1994;343:1037-8.
78. Huggins JW, Hsiang CM, Cosgriff TM, Guang MY, Smith JI, Wu ZO, et al. Prospective, double-blind, concurrent, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous ribavirin therapy of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. J Infect Dis. 1991;164:1119-27.
79. Chapman LE, Mertz GJ, Peters CJ, Jolson HM, Khan AS, Ksiazek TG, et al. Intravenous ribavirin for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: Safety and tolerance during 1 year of open-label experience. Ribavirin Study Group. Antivir Ther. 1999;4:211-9.
80. Mertz GJ, Miedzinski L, Goade D, Pavia AT, Hjelle B, Hansbarger CO, et al. Placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of intravenous ribavirin for the treatment of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in North America. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1307-13.
81. Jonsson CB, Hooper J, Mertz G. Treatment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Antiviral Res. 2008;78:162-9.
82. Bharadwaj M, Nofchissey R, Goade D, Koster F, Hjelle B. Humoral immune responses in the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. J Infect Dis. 2000;182:43-8.
83. Klingstrom J, Stoltz M, Hardestam J, Ahlm C, Lundkvist A. Passive immunization protects cynomolgus macaques against Puumala hantavirus challenge. Antivir Ther. 2008;13:125-33.
84. Schmaljohn C. Vaccines for hantaviruses. Vaccine. 2009;27(Suppl.4):D61-4.
85. Safronetz D, Hegde NR, Ebihara H, Denton M, Kobinger GP, St. Jeor S, et al. Adenovirus vectors expressing hantavirus proteins protect hamsters against lethal challenge with Andes virus. J Virol. 2009;83:7285-95.
86. Sohn YM, Rho HO, Park MS, Kim JS, Summers PL. Primary humoral immune responses to formalin inactivated hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome vaccine (Hantavax): Consideration of active immunization in South Korea. Yonsei Med J. 2001;42:278-84.
87. Schmaljohn CS, Hasty SE, Dalrymple JM. Preparation of candidate vaccinia-vectored vaccines for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Vaccine. 1992;10:10-3.
How to Cite
1.
Londoño AF, Levis S, Rodas JD. Hantavirus as important emerging agents in South America. biomedica [Internet]. 2011 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 May 12];31(3):451-64. Available from: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/370
Some similar items:
- Constanza Pardo, Ricardo Cendales, Survival analysis of cervical cancer patients , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 3 (2009)
- Raúl Murillo, Ricardo Cendales, Carolina Wiesner, Marion Piñeros, Sandra Tovar, Effectiveness of cytology-based cervical cancer screening in the Colombian health system , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 3 (2009)
- Sandra Lorena Girón, Julio César Mateus, Fabián Méndez, Impact of an open waste disposal site on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and on health care costs of children , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 3 (2009)
- José Joaquín Carvajal, Ligia Inés Moncada, Mauricio Humberto Rodríguez, Ligia del Pilar Pérez, Víctor Alberto Olano, Characterization of Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera:Culicidae) larval habitats near the Amazon River in Colombia , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 3 (2009)
- Andrés Páez, Gloria Rey, Carlos Agudelo, Alvaro Dulce, Edgar Parra, Hernando Díaz-Granados, Damaris Heredia, Luis Polo, Outbreak of urban rabies transmitted by dogs in Santa Marta, northern Colombia , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 3 (2009)
- Patricia Escobar, Katherine Paola Luna, Indira Paola Hernández, César Mauricio Rueda, María Magdalena Zorro, Simon L. Croft, In vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma cruzi strains from Santander, Colombia, to hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine), nifurtimox and benznidazole , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 3 (2009)
- Gustavo Pradilla, Julio César Mantilla, Reynaldo Badillo, Human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of Colombia , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 2 (2009)
- Mauricio Beltrán, María Cristina Navas, María Patricia Arbeláez, Jorge Donado, Sergio Jaramillo, Fernando De la Hoz, Cecilia Estrada, Lucía del Pilar Cortés, Amalia de Maldonado, Gloria Rey, Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection in a population of multiply-transfused patients in Colombia , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 2 (2009)
- Rosa Magdalena Uscátegui, Adriana M. Correa, Jaime Carmona-Fonseca, Changes in retinol, hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in Colombian children with malaria , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 2 (2009)
- Claudia M.E. Romero-Vivas, Luis Eduardo Castro, Lila Visbal, Ana María Santos, Esther Díaz, Cutaneous myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Díptera Calliphoridae) in Hospital Universidad del Norte, Soledad, Atlántico , Biomedica: Vol. 29 No. 1 (2009)
Issue
Section
Topic review
| Article metrics | |
|---|---|
| Abstract views | |
| Galley vies | |
| PDF Views | |
| HTML views | |
| Other views | |
