Tipificación molecular de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis y especies del subgénero Viannia asociadas a la leishmaniasis cutánea y la mucosa en Colombia: un estudio de concordancia
Resumen
Introducción. La electroforesis de enzimas multilocus (Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis, MLEE) es el estándar de referencia para la tipificación de las especies de Leishmania. La prueba está restringida a laboratorios especializados por su complejidad técnica, sus costos y el tiempo necesario para obtener resultados. La PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) se utiliza para tipificar especies de Leishmania.
Objetivo. Establecer la concordancia entre las dos pruebas como métodos de tipificación de las especies circulantes en Colombia.
Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 96 aislamientos de pacientes con leishmaniasis cutánea o mucocutánea y se tipificaron mediante MLEE y PCR-RFLP con los blancos moleculares miniexon y hsp70 usados en serie. Las enzimas de restricción aplicadas fueron la HaeIII y la BccI, respectivamente. Se calculó el coeficiente kappa y un intervalo de confianza (IC) de 95 %.
Resultados. Se determinó que la concordancia fue “muy buena” al obtener un coeficiente de 0,98 (IC95%: 0,98-1,00). Las especies identificadas fueron: Leishmania Viannia braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis, L. (V.) guyanensis y L. (L,) amazonensis. De los 96 aislamientos, 80 se enviaron a secuenciación y se confirmaron los resultados obtenidos mediante PCR-RFLP.
Conclusión. Dada la concordancia obtenida con la PCR-RFLP amplificando los genes miniexon y hsp70, se propone esta prueba como alternativa para la tipificación de especies de Leishmania circulantes en Colombia.
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