Caracterización fenotípica de la retinitis pigmentaria asociada a sordera

Ángela Camila Paredes, Greizy López, Nancy Gelvez, Marta Lucía Tamayo, .

Palabras clave: retinitis pigmentaria, fenotipo, pérdida auditiva, trastornos sordoceguera, síndromes de Usher, diagnóstico clínico

Resumen

Introducción. El síndrome de Usher es una alteración genética caracterizada por la asociación de retinitis pigmentaria y sordera. Sin embargo, hay casos con familias en las cuales, a pesar de presentarse dicha asociación, no se puede diagnosticar un síndrome de Usher ni ninguno otro.
Objetivo. Reevaluar fenotípicamente a 103 familias con diagnóstico previo de posible síndrome de Usher o retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera.
Materiales y métodos. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 103 familias con un posible diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Usher o retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera. Se seleccionaron las familias cuyo diagnóstico clínico no correspondía a un síndrome de Usher típico. Los afectados fueron valorados oftalmológica y audiológicamente. Se analizaron variables demográficas y clínicas.
Resultados. Se reevaluaron 14 familias cuyo diagnóstico clínico no correspondía al de síndrome de Usher. De las familias con diagnóstico inicial de síndrome de Usher típico, el 13,6 % recibieron uno posterior de “retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera”, de “otro síntoma ocular asociado con hipoacusia”, o en forma aislada en una misma familia, de “retinitis pigmentaria” o “hipoacusia”.
Conclusiones. Es fundamental el estudio familiar en los casos en que la clínica no concuerda con el diagnóstico de síndrome de Usher típico. En los pacientes con retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera, el diagnóstico clínico acertado permite enfocar los análisis moleculares y, así, establecer un diagnóstico diferencial. Es necesario elaborar guías de nomenclatura en los casos con estos hallazgos atípicos para orientar a médicos e investigadores en cuanto a su correcto manejo.

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Cómo citar
1.
Paredes Ángela C, López G, Gelvez N, Tamayo ML. Caracterización fenotípica de la retinitis pigmentaria asociada a sordera. biomedica [Internet]. 1 de mayo de 2022 [citado 18 de abril de 2024];42(Sp. 1):130-43. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/6129

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2022-05-01

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