Fenotipo de envejecimiento saludable de personas mayores en Manizales

Carmen Lucía Curcio, Andrés Fernando Giraldo, Fernando Gómez, .

Palabras clave: envejecimiento saludable, fenotipo, biomarcadores, determinantes sociales de la salud, envejecimiento

Resumen

Introducción. El fenotipo de envejecimiento saludable está presente en aquellos individuos que envejecen con poca morbilidad, sin deterioro funcional ni cognitivo, y con un nivel aceptable de bienestar y de participación social.
Objetivo. Establecer la frecuencia del fenotipo de envejecimiento saludable según un modelo multidimensional, uno biomédico y uno psicosocial, y determinar los factores de predicción en cada uno de ellos.
Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de diseño transversal, observacional y descriptivo, que incluyó a 402 personas (50,1 % mujeres) de 65 años y más (promedio de edad, 69,2) en el área urbana de Manizales. El fenotipo de envejecimiento saludable se caracterizó en cinco dimensiones: salud metabólica y fisiológica, función física, función cognitiva, bienestar psicológico y bienestar social. Los factores asociados incluyeron aspectos sociodemográficos y de salud.
Resultados. La prevalencia de envejecimiento saludable fue de 15,5 % en el modelo multidimensional, de 12,3 % en el biomédico y de 63,3 % en el psicosocial. El tener autopercepción de buena salud fue un factor de predicción independiente de envejecimiento saludable en los tres modelos, así como la satisfacción con los ingresos económicos en el modelo biomédico y en el psicosocial. Un tercer factor de predicción fue el estar casado, aunque fue significativo solamente en el modelo psicosocial.
Conclusiones. La prevalencia del fenotipo de envejecimiento saludable fue baja en el modelo biológico y en el multidimensional (1 de cada 10 personas), y mayor en el modelo psicosocial (6 de cada 10). A pesar de ello, los factores predictores independientes fueron los mismos: la autopercepción de buena o muy buena salud, la satisfacción con los ingresos económicos y el estar casado.

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  • Carmen Lucía Curcio Programa de Investigaciones en Gerontología y Geriatría, Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-2301
  • Andrés Fernando Giraldo Programa de Investigaciones en Gerontología y Geriatría, Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-4919
  • Fernando Gómez Programa de Investigaciones en Gerontología y Geriatría, Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4360-8174

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Cómo citar
1.
Curcio CL, Giraldo AF, Gómez F. Fenotipo de envejecimiento saludable de personas mayores en Manizales. biomedica [Internet]. 1 de marzo de 2020 [citado 19 de abril de 2024];40(1):102-16. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/4799

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