La regulación positiva de la expresión del gen Arl4a por acción del extracto acuoso de brócoli se asocia con una mejor espermatogénesis en testículos de ratón
Resumen
Introducción. El brócoli (Brassica oleracea) se conoce por sus propiedades como anticancerígeno, antioxidante y eliminador de radicales libres. Sin embargo, sus beneficios en la espermatogénesis aún no se han determinado suficientemente.
Objetivo. Estudiar los efectos del extracto acuoso de brócoli sobre los factores espermáticos y la expresión de los genes Catsper1, Catsper2, Arl4a, Sox5 y Sox9 en ratones.
Materiales y métodos. Los ratones machos se dividieron aleatoriamente en seis grupos: 1) control; 2) tratados con cadmio, 3 mg/kg de peso corporal; 3) tratados con 200 μl de extracto acuoso de brócoli (1 g ml-1); 4) tratados con 400 μl de extracto acuoso de brócoli; 5) tratados con 200 μl de extracto acuoso de brócoli más cadmio, y 6) tratados con 400 μl de extracto acuoso de brócoli más cadmio. El extracto acuoso de brócoli se administró por vía oral. Se analizaron los factores espermáticos y la expresión de los genes Catsper1, Catsper2, Arl4a, Sox5 y Sox9.
Resultados. Se observó una mejoría obvia en el recuento y una ligera mejoría en la motilidad de los espermatozoides, en ratones tratados con extracto de brócoli solo o con cadmio. La viabilidad de los espermatozoides se redujo con el extracto de brócoli, excepto con la dosis de 200 μl más cadmio, la cual la aumentó significativamente. Curiosamente, la expresión del gen Arl4a aumentó en el grupo tratado con 400 μl del extracto. Asimismo, el ARNm del Arl4a en ratones tratados con cadmio y 200 μl del extracto, fue más abundante que en los ratones tratados solo con cadmio. Además, el extracto de brócoli aumentó la cantidad de ARNm de los genes Catsper2 y Sox5 en ratones tratados con 200 y 400 μl de extracto de brócoli más cadmio, en comparación con el grupo tratado únicamente con cadmio.
Conclusión. El mayor número de espermatozoides en ratones tratados con brócoli abre el camino al desarrollo de productos farmacéuticos para hombres infértiles.
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