Flu vaccine effectiveness: a metaanalysis
Keywords:
influenza vaccines, effectiveness, efficacy, meta-analysis
Abstract
Introduction. Seasonal influenza is a disease of great interest in public health due to its high rates of infection and big costs, especially in high-risk population. This situation has motivated studies related to development of control measures necessary to mitigate its impact. Immunization constitutes a key role in providing the necessary interventions; however, little information is available about its effectiveness as public health measure in tropical countries.Objective. The vaccine effectiveness was evaluated by means of published results in the scientific literature.
Materials and methods. Meta-analysis techniques were used to summarize the results of epidemiological analytical studies. A critical evaluation was undertaken for each study to identify the potential biases and methodological limitations.
Results. Two hundred and fifty-seven relevant studies were located, of which 28 were included in the analysis. The pooled estimator of the vaccine effectiveness for hospitalization was 0.74 [95%CI 0.68-0.81] in older adults (65 years and older) in cases-control studies. For cohort studies, the obtained estimator was 0.80 [95%CI 0.68-0.91].
Conclusion. Other conclusions were analyzed, and in general, a protective effect was demonstrated in the vaccine. About 1,200,000 were involved, 530,000 of them were vaccinated. Geographically, the analyzed studies came from developed countries in Europe, America and Asia.
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References
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2. Dirección General de Salud Pública, Grupo de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Ministerio de la Protección Social. La influenza y su situación en Colombia. Bogotá D.C.: Ministerio de la Protección Social; 2005.
3. Abarca K. Influenza: vacunación a nuevos grupos etarios. Rev Chil Infect. 2007;24:227-30.
4. Bridges CB, Harper SA, Fukuda K, Uyeki T M, Cox NJ , Singleton JA. Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003;52:1-34.
5. World Health Organization. Guidelines on the use of vaccines and antiviral during influenza pandemics. Ginebra: WHO; 2004.
6. Woolacott N. Systematic review protocol. Center for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York. York, UK: University Press; 2006.
7. The Cochrane Collaborative Review Group on HIV Infection and AIDS. Inclusion and appraisal of experimental and non-experimental (observational) studies. Washington, D.C.: John Wiley & Sons; 2007.
8. Altman DG, Schulz KF, Moher D, Egger M, Davidoff F, Elbourne D, et al. The revised consort statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:663-94.
9. Wells GA, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale for assessing the quality of non randomized studies in meta-analyses. Leicester, UK: University of Ottawa Press; 2007.
10. Moreno J, De la Hoz F. Protocolo de revisión sistemática de literatura (documento institucional). Bogotá D.C.: Instituto Nacional de Salud; 2007.
11. Salanti G, Sanderson S, Higgins P. Obstacles and opportunities in meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Genet Med. 2005;7:11-3.
12. Egger M, Davey G, Phillips AN. Meta-analysis: principles and procedures. BMJ. 1997;315:1533-7.
13. Berlin JA. Invited commentary. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;142:383-7.
14. Frumkin H, Berlin J. Asbestos exposure and gastrointestinal malignancy review and meta-analysis. Am J Ind Med. 1988;14:79-95.
15. Cook TD, Cooper H, Cordray DS, Hartmann H, Hedges LV, Light RJ, et al. Meta-analysis for explanation: a casebook. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 1992.
16. The Nordic Cochrane Centre. Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer program]. Version 4.2 for Windows. Copenhagen: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2003.
17. StataCorp LP .Stata 9.0 [Computer program]. Version 9.0 for Windows. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2006.
18. Dott MM. Come distruggere in maniera scientifica il sistema immunitario, con i vaccini. Danni biologici dei vaccini e cure. Med J Aust. 2001;154:638.
19. Colquhoun AJ, Nicholson KG, Botha JL, Raymond NT. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in reducing hospital admissions in people with diabetes. Epidemiol Infect. 1997,119:335-41.
20. Ahmed AH, Nicholson KG, Nguyen-Van JS, Pearson JC. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in reducing hospital admissions during the 1989-90 epidemic. Epidemiol Infect. 1997;118:27-33.
21. Ahmed AH, Nicholson KG, Nguyen-Van JS. Reduction in mortality associated with influenza vaccine during 1989-90 epidemic. Lancet. 2001;126:71-9.
22. Megumi H, Tatsuhiko S, Keitaro T. Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing influenza-like illness among community-dwelling elderly: population-based cohort study in Japan. Vaccine. 2006;24:5546-51.
23. Nichol K, Baken L, Worenma J. The health and economics benefits associated with pneumococcal vacination of elderly persons with chronic lung disease. Arch Intern Med. 1999;8:2437-42.
24. Moher D, Fortin P, Jadad AR. Completeness of reporting of trials published in languages other than English: implications for conduct and reporting of systematic reviews. Lancet. 1996;347:363-76.
25. Belshe R, Kathryn E, Vlack S, Walker R, Hultquist M, Connor G, et al. Live attenuated versus inactivated vaccine in infants and young children. N Eng J Med. 2007;356:685-96.
26. Mesa SS, Moreno AP, Hurtado G, Arbeláez MP. Efectividad de una vacuna antigripal en una población laboral colombiana. Rev Panam Salud Pública. 2001;10:35-9.
27. The Cochrane Collaboration. Eficacia y efectividad de las vacunas contra la influenza en adultos mayores. Rev Panam Salud Pública. 2005;18 447.
28. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629-34.
29. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Declaración sobre la calidad de las vacunas. Declaración de política general del Programa Mundial de Vacunas y Vacunación. Ginebra: OMS; 1997.
How to Cite
1.
Moreno J, De la Hoz F, Rico A, Cotes K, Porras A. Flu vaccine effectiveness: a metaanalysis. biomedica [Internet]. 2009 Mar. 1 [cited 2024 May 18];29(1):87-9. Available from: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/44
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